The regulation of agricultural subsidies, price supports and loan guarantees in many countries provides a good example of the problem. Finally, the genesis of corruption may be analysed through the concept of asymmetries. Asymmetries are discrepancies or dis junctions that occur at the legal, administrative cultural, economic or political level. Although they are either domestic or international, the latter are more consequential in a global community. asymmetries are conducive to corruption both directly and indirectly through the creation of illega chat operate best with the collusion of autl of problematic legal asymmetries can be found in banking and tax regimes of different countries. This asymmetry invites many individuals and corporations to seek the most convenient jurisdiction to engage in certain transactions, even if that constitutes a violation of domestic laws. It also prov ides a shield against the discovery of corrupt practices Another example is the differential treatment of bribes paid to foreign officials. It is a serious crime in some countries but a tax-deductible business expense in others. This makes it easy for people to rationalize their corrupt practices as technical violations. Administrative asymmetries fuel the payment of speed money as well as clientelage and tronage systems. When some administrations function better and faster than others, bottlenecks and frustrations will certainly generate motives and rationalizations for illicit payments to get the job done or avoid the unnecessary costs of delays. Economic and political asymmetries can produce systematic frustrations in large parts of the population. They underlie and fuel capital flight, as well as the smuggling of aliens into countries where a better future appears possible. In another way, such asymmetries foster attitudes justifying corruption as functional to local economies and as a way of redistributing wealth. The globalization and liberalization processes of the 1990s have increased the number and types of such asymmetries, or they have generated more awareness of their existence Therefore, the criminologenic effect can be expected to be higher during the 1990s than before. Law enforcement asymmetries are also increased, at least temporarily, as borders are being redefined or renegotiated in different parts of the world. Lofty expectations in former centrally planned economies are frustrated intment and disillusionment The wave of privatizatie offer considerable opportunities for misconduct and corruption. Technological advances have made the contact between different countries easier and faster and this increases the possibility of clashes of traditions or lifestyles, as well as the feelings of relative deprivation.The regulation of agricultural subsidies, price supports and loan guarantees in many countries provides a good example of the problem. Finally, the genesis of corruption may be analysed through the concept of asymmetries. Asymmetries are discrepancies or disjunctions that occur at the legal, administrative, cultural, economic or political level. Although they are either domestic or international, the latter are more consequential in a global community. Asymmetries are conducive to corruption both directly and indirectly through the creation of illegal markets that operate best with the collusion of authorities. Examples of problematic legal asymmetries can be found in banking and tax regimes of different countries. This asymmetry invites many individuals and corporations to seek the most convenient jurisdiction to engage in certain transactions, even if that constitutes a violation of domestic laws. It also provides a shield against the discovery of corrupt practices. Another example is the differential treatment of bribes paid to foreign officials. It is a serious crime in some countries, but a tax-deductible business expense in others. This makes it easy for people to rationalize their corrupt practices as technical violations. Administrative asymmetries fuel the payment of speed money as well as clientelage and patronage systems. When some administrations function better and faster than others, bottlenecks and frustrations will certainly generate motives and rationalizations for illicit payments to "get the job done" or avoid the unnecessary costs of delays. Economic and political asymmetries can produce systematic frustrations in large parts of the population. They underlie and fuel capital flight, as well as the smuggling of aliens into countries where a better future appears possible. In another way, such asymmetries foster attitudes justifying corruption as functional to local economies and as a way of redistributing wealth. The globalization and liberalization processes of the 1990s have increased the number and types of such asymmetries, or they have generated more awareness of their existence. Therefore, the criminologenic effect can be expected to be higher during the 1990s than before. Law enforcement asymmetries are also increased, at least temporarily, as borders are being redefined or renegotiated in different parts of the world. Lofty expectations in former centrally planned economies are frustrated by disappointment and disillusionment. The wave of privatization processes offer considerable opportunities for misconduct and corruption. Technological advances have made the contact between different countries easier and faster, and this increases the possibility of clashes of traditions or lifestyles, as well as the feelings of relative deprivation