2/16/2016 Reservoirs of E.coli O157:H7 Reservoirs of E.coli O157:H7 Domestic animals and wildlife Humans EHEC strains have been isolated from Fecal shedding of 0157:H7 by patients other domestic animals and wildlife with hemorrhagic colitis or HUS lasts 13- 21 days or even longer -Sheep,goat,deer,dog,horse,swine, An asymptomatic carrier state in humans cat,seagull,and rat has not been identified Prevalence in sheep is higher than other Person to person transmission animals Fewer than 100 cells is needed to cause 0157:H7 in feral animals contaminates illness food crops in the field or home gardens Poor personal hygiene can transmit the bacteria to others Disease Outbreaks Disease Outbreaks Geographic distribution Geographic distribution 30 countries on 6 continents have reported ·CDC estimates 0157:H7 outbreaks -0157:H7 causes 63,153 illnesses and 26 In the US,350 outbreaks were documented in deaths annually in the US 49 states from 1982-2002 Non-0157 STEC strains account for an Number of outbreaks has increased but the size additional 127,757 illnesses and 20 deaths has decreased annually ·improved detection 75%of these cases are due to foodborne notifiable disease since 1994 transmission 2/16/2016 9 Reservoirs of E. coli O157:H7 Domestic animals and wildlife • EHEC strains have been isolated from other domestic animals and wildlife - Sheep, goat, deer, dog, horse, swine, cat, seagull, and rat • Prevalence in sheep is higher than other animals • O157:H7 in feral animals contaminates food crops in the field or home gardens Reservoirs of E. coli O157:H7 Humans • Fecal shedding yp of O157:H7 by patients with hemorrhagic colitis or HUS lasts 13- 21 days or even longer • An asymptomatic carrier state in humans has not been identified • Person to person transmission • Fewer than 100 cells is needed to cause illness • Poor personal hygiene can transmit the bacteria to others Disease Outbreaks Geographic distribution • 30 countries on 6 continents have reported O157:H7 outbreaks • In the US, 350 outbreaks were documented in 49 states from 1982-2002 • Number of outbreaks has increased but the size h d d as ecreased - improved detection - notifiable disease since 1994 Disease Outbreaks Geographic distribution • CDC estimates - O157:H7 causes 63,153 illnesses and 26 deaths annually in the US - Non-O157 STEC strains account for an additional 127,757 illnesses and 20 deaths annually - 75% of these cases are due to foodborne transmission