十九、替代 (substitution) Substitution is a grammatical device for avoiding repetition and achieving textual cohesion.There are three kinds of substitution:nominal substitution,verbal substitution,and clausal substitution,and therefore three kinds of substitutes:nominal substitutes,verbal substitutes, and clausal substitutes. 1、名词性替代(Nominal substitution) A)What is nominal substitution Nominal substitution means the replacement of a noun or a noun phrase by a nominal substitute( 词性替代词)，eg: 11 十九、替代（substitution） Substitution is a grammatical device for avoiding repetition and achieving textual cohesion. There are three kinds of substitution: nominal substitution, verbal substitution, and clausal substitution, and therefore three kinds of substitutes: nominal substitutes, verbal substitutes, and clausal substitutes. 1、名词性替代（Nominal substitution) A) What is nominal substitution Nominal substitution means the replacement of a noun or a noun phrase by a nominal substitute(名 词性替代词）, eg: