4.1 Introduction Transduction implies the conversion of a measured or observed quantity, the measurand, into an electrical, hydraulic pneumatic, or any other output by means of a transducer or sensing element The device employed to accomplish this conversion is known as a transducer or a sensing element(sensor)4.1 Introduction • Transduction implies the conversion of a measured or observed quantity, the measurand, into an electrical, hydraulic, pneumatic, or any other output by means of a transducer or sensing element. • The device employed to accomplish this conversion is known as a transducer or a sensing element (sensor)