It is difficult to define language, as it is such a general term that covers too many Thus, definitions for it all have their own special emphasis, and are not totally free limitations It should be guided by the four principles of science: exhaustiveness, consistency, economy and objectivity and follow the scientific procedure: form hypothesis-collect data-check against the observable facts- come to a conclusion Chapter 2 Speech Sound Choose the best answer(20%) Pitch variation is known as when its patterns are imposed on sentences. A intonation B tone C pronunciation D. voice Conventionally a is put in slashes(/). A allophone B phone C phoneme 3. An aspirated p, an unaspirated p and an unreleased p are of the p phoneme A analogues B. tagmemes C morphemes D allophone The opening between the vocal cords is sometimes referred to as B vocal cavity C pharynx D. uvula The diphthongs that are made with a movement of the tongue towards the center are nown as diphthongs A wide B closing C. narrow D. centering a phoneme is a group of similar sounds called A. minimal pairs B allomorphs C D allophones Which branch of phonetics concerns the production of speech sounds? A. Acoustic phe B. Articulatory phonetics C. Auditory phe D. None of the ab Which one is different from the others according to places of articulation? B.[m] 9. Which vowel is different from the others according to the characteristics of vowels? C.[e] D.[i] What kind of sounds can we make when the vocal cords are vibrating? A. Voiceless B. Voiced C Glottal stop II. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. (10%) Suprasegmental phonology refers to the study of phonological properties of units larger than the segment-phoneme, such as syllable, word and sentence The air stream provided by the lungs has to undergo a number of modification to acquire the qual ity of a speech sound Two sounds are in free variation when they occur in the same environment and do not contrast, namely, the substitution of one for the other does not produce a different word, biIt is difficult to define language, as it is such a general term that covers too many things. Thus, definitions for it all have their own special emphasis, and are not totally free from limitations. VI. 37. It should be guided by the four principles of science: exhaustiveness, consistency, economy and objectivity and follow the scientific procedure: form hypothesis – collect data – check against the observable facts – come to a conclusion. Chapter 2 Speech Sounds I. Choose the best answer. (20%) 1. Pitch variation is known as __________ when its patterns are imposed on sentences. A. intonation B. tone C. pronunciation D. voice 2. Conventionally a __________ is put in slashes (/ /). A. allophone B. phone C. phoneme D. morpheme 3. An aspirated p, an unaspirated p and an unreleased p are __________ of the p phoneme. A. analogues B. tagmemes C. morphemes D. allophones 4. The opening between the vocal cords is sometimes referred to as __________. A. glottis B. vocal cavity C. pharynx D. uvula 5. The diphthongs that are made with a movement of the tongue towards the center are known as __________ diphthongs. A. wide B. closing C. narrow D. centering 6. A phoneme is a group of similar sounds called __________. A. minimal pairs B. allomorphs C. phones D. allophones 7. Which branch of phonetics concerns the production of speech sounds? A. Acoustic phonetics B. Articulatory phonetics C. Auditory phonetics D. None of the above 8. Which one is different from the others according to places of articulation? A. [n] B. [m] C. [ b ] D. [p] 9. Which vowel is different from the others according to the characteristics of vowels? A. [i:] B. [ u ] C. [e] D. [ i ] 10. What kind of sounds can we make when the vocal cords are vibrating? A. Voiceless B. Voiced C. Glottal stop D. Consonant II. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. (10%) 11. Suprasegmental phonology refers to the study of phonological properties of units larger than the segment-phoneme, such as syllable, word and sentence. 12. The air stream provided by the lungs has to undergo a number of modification to acquire the quality of a speech sound. 13. Two sounds are in free variation when they occur in the same environment and do not contrast, namely, the substitution of one for the other does not produce a different word, but