工程科学学报，第39卷.第1期：75-80.2017年1月 Chinese Journal of Engineering,Vol.39,No.1:75-80,January 2017 DOI:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2017.01.010;http://journals.ustb.edu.cn 固溶时效工艺对6016铝合金力学性能的影响及多目 标优化 马严玮，王宝雨，校文超，周请，康艺 北京科技大学机械工程学院，北京100083 ☒通信作者，E-mail:bywang@ustb.cdu.cm 摘要作为6XXX铝合金热处理工艺的一部分，固溶处理与时效处理对6016铝合金的力学性能有显著影响.本文把固溶 温度、时间和时效温度、时间作为设计变量，应用中心组合实验设计法设计固溶-时效实验方案，在室温下分别测出试样的屈 服强度、伸长率和维氏硬度.第二代非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ)解决了第一代算法参数选取难、运行效率低等缺点.本 文用第二代非支配排序遗传算法把得到的响应面方程作为目标函数进行多目标优化，经过计算后获得非劣解，从中可筛选出 使目标函数较好的解与相对的固溶-时效工艺参数. 关键词铝合金：固溶时效：力学性能：多目标优化 分类号TG146.21 Effect of solution and aging processes on the mechanical properties of 6016 aluminum alloy and multi-objective optimization MA Yan-wei,WANG Bao-yu,XIAO Wen-chao,ZHOU Jing,KANG Yi School of Mechanical Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China Corresponding author,E-mail:bywang@ustb.edu.cn ABSTRACT As a part of heat treatment processes,solution treatment and aging treatment have a great influence on the mechanical properties of 6016 aluminum alloy.In this article,solution temperature,solution time,aging temperature and aging time were taken as parameters to design a heat treatment scheme by central composite design (CCD).At room temperature,the yield strength,elonga- tion,and Vickers hardness of specimens were measured by mechanical testing.The second-generation non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm NSGA-II)solves the shortcomings of the first-generation algorithm,such as the difficulty in parameter selection and low ef- ficiency.In this study,the response surface model derived was used as the objective function to perform the multi-objective optimiza- tion by means of NSGA-II.After calculation,the Pareto solutions were obtained to filtrate out the solution with comprehensive per- formance,and then,to acquire the corresponding parameters of the solution and aging process. KEY WORDS aluminum alloys;solution and aging;mechanical properties;multi-objective optimization 铝合金具有比强度高和抗冲击性能好的特点，并 随着使用时间的延长，经济效益会更明显.在油价的 且越来越广泛的用于汽车零部件制造，而6016铝合金 上升和汽车使用的越来越广泛的背景下，汽车的铝合 是这一领域的重要材料四).据报道2-)，汽车车身每减 金轻量化将越来越有优势[5-]. 重10%能够节省5%的燃料，在使用一年之后，铝合金 汽车零部件制造中，对铝合金板件的强度和硬度 白车身C0,排放量为钢制白车身C0,排放量的95%， 有一定的要求，考虑到板材的成形性能，板件的伸长率 收稿日期：2016-09-29 基金项目：国家自然科学基金资助项目(U1564202):北京市科技发展基金资助项目(D151100003515002)工程科学学报,第 39 卷,第 1 期:75鄄鄄80,2017 年 1 月 Chinese Journal of Engineering, Vol. 39, No. 1: 75鄄鄄80, January 2017 DOI: 10. 13374 / j. issn2095鄄鄄9389. 2017. 01. 010; http: / / journals. ustb. edu. cn 固溶时效工艺对 6016 铝合金力学性能的影响及多目 标优化 马严玮, 王宝雨苣 , 校文超, 周 靖, 康 艺 北京科技大学机械工程学院, 北京 100083 苣 通信作者, E鄄mail: bywang@ ustb. edu. cn 摘 要 作为 6XXX 铝合金热处理工艺的一部分,固溶处理与时效处理对 6016 铝合金的力学性能有显著影响. 本文把固溶 温度、时间和时效温度、时间作为设计变量,应用中心组合实验设计法设计固溶鄄鄄时效实验方案,在室温下分别测出试样的屈 服强度、伸长率和维氏硬度. 第二代非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA鄄鄄域)解决了第一代算法参数选取难、运行效率低等缺点. 本 文用第二代非支配排序遗传算法把得到的响应面方程作为目标函数进行多目标优化,经过计算后获得非劣解,从中可筛选出 使目标函数较好的解与相对的固溶鄄鄄时效工艺参数. 关键词 铝合金; 固溶时效; 力学性能; 多目标优化 分类号 TG146郾 2 + 1 Effect of solution and aging processes on the mechanical properties of 6016 aluminum alloy and multi鄄objective optimization MA Yan鄄wei, WANG Bao鄄yu 苣 , XIAO Wen鄄chao, ZHOU Jing, KANG Yi School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China 苣 Corresponding author, E鄄mail: bywang@ ustb. edu. cn ABSTRACT As a part of heat treatment processes, solution treatment and aging treatment have a great influence on the mechanical properties of 6016 aluminum alloy. In this article, solution temperature, solution time, aging temperature and aging time were taken as parameters to design a heat treatment scheme by central composite design (CCD). At room temperature, the yield strength, elonga鄄 tion, and Vickers hardness of specimens were measured by mechanical testing. The second鄄generation non鄄dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA鄄鄄II) solves the shortcomings of the first鄄generation algorithm, such as the difficulty in parameter selection and low ef鄄 ficiency. In this study, the response surface model derived was used as the objective function to perform the multi鄄objective optimiza鄄 tion by means of NSGA鄄鄄II. After calculation, the Pareto solutions were obtained to filtrate out the solution with comprehensive per鄄 formance, and then, to acquire the corresponding parameters of the solution and aging process. KEY WORDS aluminum alloys; solution and aging; mechanical properties; multi鄄objective optimization 收稿日期: 2016鄄鄄09鄄鄄29 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目(U1564202);北京市科技发展基金资助项目(D151100003515002) 铝合金具有比强度高和抗冲击性能好的特点,并 且越来越广泛的用于汽车零部件制造,而 6016 铝合金 是这一领域的重要材料[1] . 据报道[2鄄鄄4] ,汽车车身每减 重 10% 能够节省 5% 的燃料,在使用一年之后,铝合金 白车身 CO2排放量为钢制白车身 CO2排放量的 95% , 随着使用时间的延长,经济效益会更明显. 在油价的 上升和汽车使用的越来越广泛的背景下,汽车的铝合 金轻量化将越来越有优势[5鄄鄄7] . 汽车零部件制造中,对铝合金板件的强度和硬度 有一定的要求,考虑到板材的成形性能,板件的伸长率