国生 生Disadvantages of Crushing Possibly change in polymorphic form Operations involved in raw material treatment Affect stability ·Crushing粉碎 Promotes better mixture May cause flow problem ·Sieving过箱 May inhibit wettability of the drug ·Mxmg混合 Du Explode ④4生Mechanism of Crushing Energy needed for crushing 国生一nsrusof Crushing 豐 盟分的安 edinsieredtcn amuch higher rate than would be predicted from Mortar ®BmL This lost'energy is consumed in Elastic deformatiooof the particle ©l回gm山 ®uid-energy mill Cutting Bending Rub地ies Noise 国生Instruments of Crushing 国生一Ming 愈Convective mixing对流混合 303a 雪Shear mixing剪切混合 3-3 我特8体 甲号一视三号得氢55玉号为妈8妈原人槽A号得 ®Diffusive mixing扩散混合 冲社式和单 陆力 大军好高再私 5n中 a知思品 99 Shanghai Jiao Tong University Operations involved in raw material treatment • Crushing 粉碎 • Sieving 过筛 • Mixing 混合 Shanghai Jiao Tong University Advantages of Crushing Increases bioavailability. Promotes better mixture Improves content uniformity Improves flow properties Shanghai Jiao Tong University Disadvantages of Crushing Possibly change in polymorphic form Affect stability May cause flow problem May inhibit wettability of the drug Dust Explode Shanghai Jiao Tong University Mechanism of Crushing Impact Compression Cutting Bending Rubbing Shanghai Jiao Tong University Energy needed for crushing Size reduction obviously requires energy input but the energy is consumed in size reduction apparatus at a much higher rate than would be predicted from the new surface area created, by a factor of about 1000. This 'lost' energy is consumed in • Elastic deformation of the particle • Movement of particles • friction between particles • Elastic deformation of milling surfaces • Noise Shanghai Jiao Tong University Instruments of Crushing Mortar Ball mill Impact mill Fluid-energy mill Shanghai Jiao Tong University Instruments of Crushing 粉碎机类型 粉碎作用 粉碎品的粒度 适应物料 球磨机 磨碎 冲击 20~200μm 可研磨性物料 滚压机 压缩 剪切 20~200μm 软性粉体 冲击式粉碎机 冲击力 4~325μm 大部分医药品 胶体磨 磨碎 20~200μm 软性纤维状 气流粉碎机 撞击 研磨 1~30μm 中度硬物质 Shanghai Jiao Tong University Sieving Makes the size distribution more uniform 筛 号 一号筛 二号筛 三号筛 四号筛 五号筛 六号筛 七号筛 八号筛 九号筛 筛孔平均内径 （μm） 2000 ±70 850 ±29 355 ±13 250 ±9.9 180 ±7.6 150 ±6.6 125 ±5.8 90 ±4.6 75 ±4.1 Shanghai Jiao Tong University Mixing Convective mixing对流混合 Shear mixing 剪切混合 Diffusive mixing 扩散混合