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UCSF Protocol for caries arrest using sil- 0. World Health Organization. Oral health: action plan for promotion ver diamine fluoride: rationale tream/10665/22590/1/A60- R17-en pdf?ua1. Accessed February 50. Zhi QH, Lo EC, Lin HC. Randomized clinical trial on effectiveness of 16,2017 silver diamine fluoride and glass ionomer in arresting dentine caries 31. Ruel MT, Alderman H, Maternal, Child Nutrition Study G in preschool children. J Dent. 2012: 40: 962-967. sensitive interventions and programmes: how can they help el- 51. Fung MHT, Duangthip D. Wong MC, Lo EC, Chu CH. arresting den- erate progress in improving matemal and child nutrition tine caries with different concentration and periodicity of silver dia- 2013;382:536-551. nine fluoride JDR Clin Trans Res. 2016: 1: 143-152 32. World Health Organization. Report of the commission on ending 52. Fung MHT, Wong MCM, Lo ECM, Chu CH. arresting early child- childhoodobesity2016.http://www.who.int/end-childhood-obe hood caries with silver diammine fluoride-a literature review. j oral sity/info-resources/en/. Accessed September 10, 201 Hyg Health.2013:1:117. 33. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Ten great public health 53. World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa. Promoting achievementsinthe20thcenturyhttps://www.cdcgov/about/his oralhealthinafrIca.2016.http://apps.whoint/iris/bitstream/ tory/tengpha. htm. Accessed March 5, 2017. 0665/205886/1/9789290232971pdf. Accessed March,20,2017 34. Petersen PE, Ogawa H. Prevention of dental caries through the use of 54. Mickenautsch SRM, Ogunbodede eo, frencken JE The impact of uoride-the WHO approach Community Dent Health. 2016: 33: 66-68. the art approach on the treatment profile in a mobile dental sys- 35. Groeneveld A, Van Eck AA, Backer Dirks O. Fluoride in caries pr tem(MDs)in South Africa. Int Dent J 1999: 49: 132-138 vention: is the effect pre- or post-eruptive? J Dent Res. 1990: 69(2 55. Mickenautsch S, Rudolph MJ. Undergraduate training in the atra- Suppl): 751-755: discussion 820-823 matic restorative treatment (ART) approach-an activity report. SADJ 36. Singh KA, Spencer A. Relative effects of pre- and post-eruption 2002:57:355-357 water fluoride on caries experience by surface type of permanent 56. Kateeb ET, warren JJ, Damiano P, et al. Teaching atraumatic restora- first molars. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2004: 32: 435-446 tive treatment in U.S. dental schools: a survey of predoctoral pediatric Singh KA, er A, Armfield JM. Relative effects of pre- and dentistry program directors. J Dent Educ. 2013: 77: 1306-1314. 57. Innes NP. Evans D 3:63:11-19 controlled cinical trial of a novel method of managing carious pri- 38. Singh KA, Spencer A. DS B. Effects of water fluoride exposure at mary molars in general dental practice: acceptability of the technique rown completion and maturation on caries of permanent first and outcomes at 23 months. BMC Oral Health. 2007: 7: 18. molars. Caries Res. 2007: 41: 34-42. 39. World Health Organization. Sodium intake for adults and children Guideline2012.http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/guideli nes/sodium intake/en/. Accessed April 3, 201 How to cite this article: Phantumvanit P, Makino y, ogawa 40. dos Santos AP, Nadanovsky P, de Oliveira BH. A systematic review H. et al. WHo Global Consultation on public health and meta-analysis of the effects of fluoride toothpastes on the pre- Intervention against early Childhood Caries. Community Dent vention of dental caries in the primary dentition of preschool chi unity Dent Oral Epidemiol OralEpidemiol.2018:46:280-287.https://doi.org/10.1111/ 1:1-12 41. A Collaborative Effort of the american academy of Pedodontics and cdoe.12362 the american Academy of Pediatrics. Policy on early childhood caries21. Schroth RJ, Pang JL, Levi JA, Martens PJ, Brownell MD. Trends in pediatric dental surgery for severe early childhood caries in Mani￾toba, Canada. J Can Dent Assoc. 2014;80:e65. 22. Skeie MS, Raadal M, Strand GV, Espelid I. The relationship between caries in the primary dentition at 5 years of age and permanent den￾tition at 10 years of age – a longitudinal study. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2006;16:152-160. 23. Fisher-Owens SA, Gansky SA, Platt LJ, et al. Influences on children’s oral health: a conceptual model. Pediatrics. 2007;120:e510-e520. 24. O’Mullane DM, Baez RJ, Jones S, et al. Fluoride and oral health. Community Dent Health. 2016;33:69-99. 25. World Health Organization. Breastfeeding. http://www.who. int/maternal_child_adolescent/topics/newborn/nutrition/breast feeding/en/. Accessed February 16, 2017. 26. 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Nutrition￾sensitive interventions and programmes: how can they help to accel￾erate progress in improving maternal and child nutrition? Lancet. 2013;382:536-551. 32. World Health Organization. Report of the commission on ending childhood obesity. 2016. http://www.who.int/end-childhood-obe sity/info-resources/en/. Accessed September 10, 2017. 33. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Ten great public health achievements in the 20th century. https://www.cdc.gov/about/his tory/tengpha.htm. Accessed March 5, 2017. 34. Petersen PE, Ogawa H. Prevention of dental caries through the use of fluoride–the WHO approach. Community Dent Health. 2016;33:66-68. 35. Groeneveld A, Van Eck AA, Backer Dirks O. Fluoride in caries pre￾vention: is the effect pre- or post-eruptive? J Dent Res. 1990;69(2 Suppl):751-755; discussion 820-823. 36. Singh KA, Spencer AJ. Relative effects of pre- and post-eruption water fluoride on caries experience by surface type of permanent first molars. 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Policy on early childhood caries (ECC): classifications, consequences, and preventive strategies. Pedi￾atr Dent. 2016;38:52-54. 42. Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. Dental interventions to prevent caries in children. A national clinical guideline; 2014. http:// www.sign.ac.uk/assets/sign138.pdf. Accessed September 10, 2017. 43. Seow WK. Environmental, maternal, and child factors which con￾tribute to early childhood caries: a unifying conceptual model. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2012;22:157-168. 44. Shellis R. Relationship between human enamel structure and the formation of caries-like lesions in vitro. Arch Oral Biol. 1984;29: 975-981. 45. Guedes RS, Piovesan C, Ardenghi TM, et al. Validation of visual car￾ies activity assessment: a 2-yr cohort study. J Dent Res. 2014;93(7 Suppl):101S-107S. 46. Wright JT, Tampi MP, Graham L, et al. Sealants for preventing and arresting pit-and-fissure occlusal caries in primary and permanent molars: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials-a report of the American Dental Association and the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. J Am Dent Assoc. 2016;147:631-645 e618. 47. Gao SS, Zhang S, Mei ML, Lo EC, Chu CH. Caries remineralisation and arresting effect in children by professionally applied fluoride treatment - a systematic review. BMC Oral Health. 2016;16:12. 48. Gao SS, Zhao IS, Hiraishi N, et al. Clinical trials of silver diamine flu￾oride in arresting caries among children: a systematic review. JDR Clin Trans Res. 2016;1:201-210. 49. Horst JAEH, Milgrom PM. UCSF Protocol for caries arrest using sil￾ver diamine fluoride: rationale, indications, and consent. J Calif Dent Assoc. 2016;44:16. 50. Zhi QH, Lo EC, Lin HC. Randomized clinical trial on effectiveness of silver diamine fluoride and glass ionomer in arresting dentine caries in preschool children. J Dent. 2012;40:962-967. 51. Fung MHT, Duangthip D, Wong MC, Lo EC, Chu CH. Arresting den￾tine caries with different concentration and periodicity of silver dia￾mine fluoride. JDR Clin Trans Res. 2016;1:143-152. 52. Fung MHT, Wong MCM, Lo ECM, Chu CH. Arresting early child￾hood caries with silver diammine fluoride - a literature review. J Oral Hyg Health. 2013;1:117. 53. World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa. Promoting oral health in Africa. 2016. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/ 10665/205886/1/9789290232971.pdf. Accessed March, 20, 2017. 54. Mickenautsch SRM, Ogunbodede EO, Frencken JE. The impact of the ART approach on the treatment profile in a mobile dental sys￾tem (MDS) in South Africa. Int Dent J. 1999;49:132-138. 55. Mickenautsch S, Rudolph MJ. Undergraduate training in the atrau￾matic restorative treatment (ART) approach–an activity report. SADJ. 2002;57:355-357. 56. Kateeb ET, Warren JJ, Damiano P, et al. Teaching atraumatic restora￾tive treatment in U.S. dental schools: a survey of predoctoral pediatric dentistry program directors. J Dent Educ. 2013;77:1306-1314. 57. Innes NP, Evans DJ, Stirrups DR. The Hall Technique; a randomized controlled clinical trial of a novel method of managing carious pri￾mary molars in general dental practice: acceptability of the technique and outcomes at 23 months. BMC Oral Health. 2007;7:18. How to cite this article: Phantumvanit P, Makino Y, Ogawa H, et al. WHO Global Consultation on Public Health Intervention against Early Childhood Caries. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2018;46:280–287. https://doi.org/10.1111/ cdoe.12362 PHANTUMVANIT ET AL. | 287