146 Embedding strength parallel to the grain teral resi feosx=feusmm =0.9fco 3.T Embedding strength perpendicular to the grain: f5%=0.4f () 4.FujitaM K.Ka feai=(-0.016d+0.745)t (8) and the maximum load up to 5 to EN383,respectively,f and fe are those per 长m餐 buil Conclusions ese shiT.Karube M.Ko K(1999)Dowel-bea he d this stud re of t from all lamina grades varies from 10%to 17%and 15%to strength and density. The embedding strengths parallel to the grain evalu- t method ar mum load up to bythe oints b etmeth s littte innuenced by dowe 14. maximum load up to 5 mm displacement decreases as the The J dowel diameter increases 15. onhSggecompresivetesl eva 16. density of the wood.The design value of embedding uaShoten.Tokyo, 12 handbook (in Japanese) 18 a K.Ta ding 4.The embedding strength for the dowel-type fastener e).Su References146 Embedding strength parallel to the grain: feo,5O/o = feO,Sm m = 0.9fc0 (6) Embedding strength perpendicular to the grain: fego,5o/o = 0.4fc 0 (7) fe90,Smm = (-0.0].6d q- 0.745)fc0 (8) where feo.5O/o and feo.sm~ are the embedding strengths (MPa) parallel to the grain evaluated by the 5% off-set method and the maximum load up to 5 mm displacement according to EN383, respectively, feto.so/o and fe90.Smm are those per￾pendicular to the grain, respectively, fc o is the compressive strength (MPa) parallel to the grain, and d is the dowel diameter (mm). Conclusions The following conclusions can be drawn from this study. 1. The coefficient of variation of the embedding strength from all lamina grades varies from 10% to 17% and 15% to 21%, respectively, in the parallel and perpendicular direc￾tions. There is a significant correlation between embedding strength and density. 2. The embedding strengths parallel to the grain evalu￾ated by the 5% off-set method and the maximum load up to 5 mm displacement according to EN383 shows close values that are scarcely influenced by dowel diameter. The embed￾ding strength perpendicular to the grain evaluated by the 5% off-set method is little influenced by dowel diameter as well. However, the embedding strength evaluated by the maximum load up to 5 mm displacement decreases as the dowel diameter increases. 3. Embedding strength evaluated by the 5% off-set method can be estimated from the dowel diameter and the density of the wood. The design value of embedding strength in the Eurocode 5 standard is useful for the embed￾ding strength evaluated by the maximum load up to 5 mm displacement according to EN383. 4. The embedding strength for the dowel-type fastener can be estimated by Eqs. (6) to (8) using the compressive strength parallel to the grain of wood. 2. Hirai T / 1989 ] Rational tesdng methods for determination of basic lateral resistance of bolted wood-joints (in Japanese Res Bull Exp Hokkaido Univ 46:959-966 3. Hirai T (1989/ Basic properties of mechanical wood-joints. 2. Bear￾ing properties of wood under a bolt (in Japanese). Res Bull Exp Hokkaido Univ 46:967-988 4. Fujita M. Komatsu K. Kawamoto N. Harada M (1995l Bearing characteristics of glued-laminated-timber and laminated-veneer￾lumber with a steel rod (in Japanese). Mokuzai Gakkaishi 41:261- 270 5. Whale LRJ. Smith I. Larsen HJ (19871 Design of nailed and bolted joints proposals for the revision of existing formulae tn draft Eurocode 5 and the CIB code. tn: Proceedings of the CIB-W18 meetings, Paper 20-7-1 6. Ehlbeck J. Werner H (1992] Softwood and hardwood embedding strength for dowel-type fasteners. In: Proceedings of the CIB-W18 meetings, Paper 25-%2 7. European Committee for Standardization (1993l Eurocode 5: design of timber structures, part t-l: general rules and rules for buildings, p 82 8. Kawamoto N_ Komatsu K Harada M (1993l Lateral strengths of drift-pin joints in perpendicular to the grain loadings. III Estima￾tion of yield loads by European yield theory (in Japanese). Mokuzai Gakkaishi 39:1386-1392 9. Harada M. Hayashi T. Karube M. Komatsu K 19991 Dowel-bear￾ing test of glued laminated timber with a drift-pin (in Japanese)~ Summary of technical paper, annual meeting, Architectural insti￾tute of Japan, pp 49-50 i0. Hwang KH. Komatsu K (t999~ Relationship between embedment parameters and dowel diameter for various engineered woods (EW) (in Japanese). Summary of technical paper of annual meet￾ing, Architectural Institute of Japan, pp 51-52 11. European Committee for Standardization (I993~ EN383: timber structures - test methods - determination of embedding strength and foundation values for dowel type fasteners 12. Sawata K. Yasumura M (20001 Evaluation of yield strength of bolted timber joints by Monte-Carlo simulation. In: Proceedings of the WCTE 2000. Paper 1.4.4 13. Sawata K (2000] Study on yield strength of bolted timber ioints by probabilistic approach. Master's dissertation. Shizuoka University 14. Ministry of Agriculture. Forestry and Fisheries (19961 Japanese agricultural standard for structural glued laminated timber ~in Japanese). The Japan Plywood Inspection Corporation 15. Japanese Industrial Standard 11977) Method of compressive test for wood (in Japanese). JIS Z 2111-1977 16. Mutoh S (19951 Statistical anatvsis handbook (in JapaneseJ. Asakura Shoten. Tokyo. pp 198-201 17. European Committee for Standardization (1993~ ENl193: struc￾tural timber - structural glued laminated timber - determination of additional physical and mechanical properties 18. Sawata K. Yasumura M (2000) Evaluating the shear strength of bolted timber joints. Part 1. Embedding tests of wood and evalua￾tion of embedding strength (in Japanese). Summary of technical paper of annual meeting, Architectural Institute of Japan, pp 321- 322 References 1. Johansen KW (1949) Theory of timber connections. Int Assoc Bridge and Struct Eng 9:249-262