sentence=old information +new information Old information=given information/known information New information Information focus =end focus Mr. Smith is a friend of my fathers. old information Mr. Smith New information=is a friend of my fathers He gave me a book/ he gave a book to me▪ sentence=old information +new information ▪ Old information=given information/known information ▪ New information ▪ Information focus =end focus ▪ Mr. Smith is a friend of my father’s. ▪ Old information=Mr. Smith ▪ New information=is a friend of my father’s ▪ He gave me a book/ he gave a book to me