第36卷第7期 北京科技大学学报 Vol.36 No.7 2014年7月 Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing Jul.2014 基于避险设施的火灾救援及避灾路线算法 詹子娜”，金龙哲2区，白楠”，王奕” 1)北京科技大学土木与环境工程学院，北京1000832)矿山避险技术研究中心，北京100083 ☒通信作者，E-mail:lzim@ustb.cdu.cm 摘要以VC#.net、SQL Server20O8和地理信息系统为平台，对矿井地图进行了具有地理属性开发的研究，建立了图形库、 数据库、方法库和知识库，并构建了基于避险设施的矿井火灾应急救援系统。对矿井火灾进行了实时在线模拟，分析和预测 了火灾动态发展趋势，实现了矿井火灾烟流传播和最佳避灾路线的动态可视化显示功能。引入安全性、通行效率等因素对灾 后巷道通行能力的变化进行修正，制定了基于避险设施的最优避灾路线选择原则和“理想一可行一逃生”等级路线。利用堆 栈数据结构对Dijkstr算法进行改进，提高了在线运算速度。该系统已应用到潞安常村煤矿。 关键词矿山火灾：矿山数援：计算机模拟：路径算法：最佳路线：通行能力 分类号TD77:X936 Fire rescue and optimal escape route algorithm based on refuge chambers ZHAN Zi--na”,JIN Long=he2,BAl Nan”,WANG Yi 1)School of Civil and Environmental Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China 2)Mine Emergency Technology Research Center.Beijing 100083,China Corresponding author,E-mail:Izjin@ustb.edu.cn ABSTRACT Based on platforms including VC#.net,SQL Server 2008 and geographic information systems (GIS),the mine map was developed with geographical attributes.A rescue system based on refuge chambers during the mine fire period was constructed after the graphics library,database,method library and knowledge base were established.Due to real time simulation of mine fire,analysis and prediction of its dynamic trend,the rescue system achieved a dynamic visual display of fire plume spreading and the optimal escape route based on refuge chambers in an underground coal mine.At the same time,roadway safety and traffic efficiency were introduced to amend the traffic capacity of post-disaster roadways.The principles for selecting the optimal rescue route based on refuge chambers were determined,and the "ideal-viable-escape"level of escape routes was divided.Since the optimal escape route was calculated using Dijkstra algorithm which was improved by the stack data structure,the computing speed of the rescue system online increased. The rescue system has been applied to Changcun Coal Mine owed to Lu'an Group. KEY WORDS mine fires;mine rescue;computer simulation:routing algorithms:optimal routing:traffic capacity 矿井火灾引起的恶劣复杂环境条件极易造成通 许多学者进行了大量的研究，并取得了许多成 风系统的风流紊乱和结构变化，往往造成更大的人 果-习。国内学者“-针对矿井火灾烟流或高温对 员伤亡和损失。仅凭主观判断矿井火灾情况，不能 避灾路线判别、巷道当量长度及解算方法进行了深 及时科学地指挥井下人员避险和救灾。只有使用计 入分析和建模，但系统应用可操作性较差，参数选择 算机模拟的方法，才能获得较全面的火灾时期风流 繁琐。国外更注重于救援机制和最短路径算法的研 状态和巷道状态及通行能力，计算最优的避灾路线， 究，以降低网络解算复杂度，矿井实际应用中更偏重 从而为救灾决策提供依据四。在20世纪90年代， 于前期应急培训演练工作和避灾路径的规划，灾后 收稿日期：2013-1014 基金项目：“十二五”国家科技支撑计划基金资助项目(2012BAK09B00) DOI:10.13374/j.issn1001-053x.2014.07.017:http://journals.ustb.edu.cn第 36 卷 第 7 期 2014 年 7 月 北京科技大学学报 Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing Vol． 36 No． 7 Jul． 2014 基于避险设施的火灾救援及避灾路线算法 詹子娜1) ，金龙哲1，2) ，白 楠1) ，王 奕1) 1) 北京科技大学土木与环境工程学院，北京 100083 2) 矿山避险技术研究中心，北京 100083  通信作者，E-mail: lzjin@ ustb． edu． cn 摘 要 以 VC#． net、SQL Server 2008 和地理信息系统为平台，对矿井地图进行了具有地理属性开发的研究，建立了图形库、 数据库、方法库和知识库，并构建了基于避险设施的矿井火灾应急救援系统。对矿井火灾进行了实时在线模拟，分析和预测 了火灾动态发展趋势，实现了矿井火灾烟流传播和最佳避灾路线的动态可视化显示功能。引入安全性、通行效率等因素对灾 后巷道通行能力的变化进行修正，制定了基于避险设施的最优避灾路线选择原则和“理想—可行—逃生”等级路线。利用堆 栈数据结构对 Dijkstra 算法进行改进，提高了在线运算速度。该系统已应用到潞安常村煤矿。 关键词 矿山火灾; 矿山救援; 计算机模拟; 路径算法; 最佳路线; 通行能力 分类号 TD 77; X 936 Fire rescue and optimal escape route algorithm based on refuge chambers ZHAN Zi-na1) ，JIN Long-zhe1，2)  ，BAI Nan1) ，WANG Yi1) 1) School of Civil and Environmental Engineering，University of Science and Technology Beijing，Beijing 100083，China 2) Mine Emergency Technology Ｒesearch Center，Beijing 100083，China  Corresponding author，E-mail: lzjin@ ustb． edu． cn ABSTＲACT Based on platforms including VC#． net，SQL Server 2008 and geographic information systems ( GIS) ，the mine map was developed with geographical attributes． A rescue system based on refuge chambers during the mine fire period was constructed after the graphics library，database，method library and knowledge base were established． Due to real time simulation of mine fire，analysis and prediction of its dynamic trend，the rescue system achieved a dynamic visual display of fire plume spreading and the optimal escape route based on refuge chambers in an underground coal mine． At the same time，roadway safety and traffic efficiency were introduced to amend the traffic capacity of post-disaster roadways． The principles for selecting the optimal rescue route based on refuge chambers were determined，and the“ideal-viable-escape”level of escape routes was divided． Since the optimal escape route was calculated using Dijkstra algorithm which was improved by the stack data structure，the computing speed of the rescue system online increased． The rescue system has been applied to Changcun Coal Mine owed to Lu’an Group． KEY WOＲDS mine fires; mine rescue; computer simulation; routing algorithms; optimal routing; traffic capacity 收稿日期: 2013--10--14 基金项目: “十二五”国家科技支撑计划基金资助项目( 2012BAK09B00) DOI: 10． 13374 /j． issn1001--053x． 2014． 07． 017; http: / /journals． ustb． edu． cn 矿井火灾引起的恶劣复杂环境条件极易造成通 风系统的风流紊乱和结构变化，往往造成更大的人 员伤亡和损失。仅凭主观判断矿井火灾情况，不能 及时科学地指挥井下人员避险和救灾。只有使用计 算机模拟的方法，才能获得较全面的火灾时期风流 状态和巷道状态及通行能力，计算最优的避灾路线， 从而为救灾决策提供依据［1］。在 20 世纪 90 年代， 许多学者进行了大量的研究，并取得了许多成 果［2 － 3］。国内学者［4 － 6］针对矿井火灾烟流或高温对 避灾路线判别、巷道当量长度及解算方法进行了深 入分析和建模，但系统应用可操作性较差，参数选择 繁琐。国外更注重于救援机制和最短路径算法的研 究，以降低网络解算复杂度，矿井实际应用中更偏重 于前期应急培训演练工作和避灾路径的规划，灾后