Chapter 6 Constructivism o6.2 Historical roots of constructivism: x the influence of psychology (top-down processing o Top-down means that students begin with complex problems to solve and then work out or discover(with the teachers guidance) the basic skills required. For example, the students might be asked to write compositions and only later learn about spelling, grammer, and punctuation. o Constructivist approaches emphasizing discovery experimentation, and open-ended problems have been successfully applied in mathematics, reading and in other subiectsChapter 6 Constructivism ⚫ 6.2 Historical roots of constructivism: ⚫ ＊the influence of psychology: ⚫ (1)top-down processing ⚫ Top-down means that students begin with complex problems to solve and then work out or discover(with the teacher’s guidance) the basic skills required. For example, the students might be asked to write compositions and only later learn about spelling, grammer, and punctuation. ⚫ Constructivist approaches emphasizing discovery, experimentation, and open-ended problems have been successfully applied in mathematics, reading and in other subjects