2 COMPOSITE MATERIALS FOR AIRCRAFT STRUCTURES eungonns 4053025 JSF◆ B2 V-22,年-22 0 AV8B Rafale 15 F-18E/F Q A320 ◆ 6330 F-18A 5 ◆ A340 0 F-15AF-16A767737 MD11 C17A 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Approximate Year of Introduction Fig.1.1 Growth of use of advanced composites in airframe structures. In this introductory chapter,the incentives or drivers for developing improved materials for aircraft applications are discussed.This is followed by a brief overview of fiber composites,including polymer,metal,and ceramic-matrix composites as well as hybrid metal/composite laminates.Other than polymer- matrix composites,these composites are not considered elsewhere in this book and so are discussed in this chapter for completeness. PERCENT OF STRUCTURAL WEIGHT F/A-F/A- 18C/D 18E/F Aluminum 49 31 Steel 尔 14 Titanium 13 24 Carbon Eposy 10 19 Other 3 的 100 100 Fig.1.2 Schematic diagram of fighter aircraft F-18 E/F.For comparison details of the structure of the earlier C/D model are also provided in the inset table.2 COMPOSITE MATERIALS FOR AIRCRAFT STRUCTURES 40 E X e < 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1970 AV8B F-18A • •• F-15~ F-16A 767 A320 B2 t 737 V-22 4~.22 Rafale F-18E/F A~0 ~77 MD11 C17A JSF-O 1980 1990 2000 2010 Approximate Year of Introduction Fig. 1.1 Growth of use of advanced composites in airframe structures. In this introductory chapter, the incentives or drivers for developing improved materials for aircraft applications are discussed. This is followed by a brief overview of fiber composites, including polymer, metal, and ceramic-matrix composites as well as hybrid metal/composite laminates. Other than polymer￾matrix composites, these composites are not considered elsewhere in this book and so are discussed in this chapter for completeness. PERCENT OF STRUCTURAL WEIGHT ~ Aluminum I Steel IB Titanium I Carbon Ep Other F/A- F/A- 18C/D 18E/F An 11 Fig. 1.2 Schematic diagram of fighter aircraft F-18 E/F. For comparison details of the structure of the earlier C/D model are also provided in the inset table