Ecosystem Whole complex of organisms and factors of environment in an ecological unit of any rank(Tansley 1939) the ecosystem consists of both organic and inorganic components, which may be conveniently grouped under the heads of climate, physiography, and soil, plants and animalsEcosystem whole complex of organisms and factors of environment in an ecological unit of any rank (Tansley 1939) the ecosystem consists of both organic and inorganic components, which may be conveniently grouped under the heads of climate, physiography, and soil, plants and animals