ewo Functions of the kidney and problems due to 革山院 impairment of kidney functions Kidney Functions Consequences of Dysfunction Maintain concentrations and body Hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, low total contents of electrolytes and fluid potassium content, hypocalcemia, volumes hyperphosphatemia, decreased tolerance to electrolyte or mineral loading Regulate blood pressure Hypertension, cardiovascular disease Endocrine mediators Anemia(low erythropoietin) hypertension(renin system activation) bone disease(secondary hyperparathyroidism), low vitamin D activation, prolonged half-lives of peptide hormones(e.g insulin) Waste product excretion Anorexia, nausea, soft tissue deposition of oxalates and phosphates, neurologic dysfunction, loss of muscle proteinFunctions of the kidney and problems due to impairment of kidney functions Kidney Functions Consequences of Dysfunction Maintain concentrations and body contents of electrolytes and fluid volumes Hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, low total potassium content, hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, decreased tolerance to electrolyte or mineral loading Regulate blood pressure Hypertension, cardiovascular disease Endocrine mediators Anemia (low erythropoietin), hypertension (renin system activation), bone disease (secondary hyperparathyroidism), low vitamin D activation, prolonged half-lives of peptide hormones (e.g., insulin) Waste product excretion Anorexia, nausea, soft tissue deposition of oxalates and phosphates, neurologic dysfunction, loss of muscle protein