Hyperthermophilic(极端嗜热的古细菌) Thermococcales-Thermococcaceae-Thermococcus, Pyrococcus Thermoproteales-Thermoproteaceae-Thermoproteus, Thermofilum Sulfobales-Sulfolobaceae-Sulfolobus Acidianus Thermoplasma(热原体属 3. Where to isolate halophilic Archaea? 髙盐浓度的自然界,如盐湖,硷湖和盐场,也常见于晒制的粗盐和用晒盐 腌制的蛋白质品(咸鱼和皮革)。 4. What are the physiological features of halophiles? The physiological features of halophiles are: 细胞杆状或球状,并出现许多退化类型,从圆盘形到三角形都有。不运动或靠丛生极 端鞭毛运动。革兰氏染色阴性和阳性(2%乙酸固定后)。好氧或兼性厌氧。需要很高浓度的 盐,生长至少需要1.5mol/L约为9%NaCl,但大多数菌种在35-4.0mol/ L Nacl生长 最好。由于细胞内含有C50类胡萝卜素(菌红素),使其菌种落具有各种红色色调,并使得 该菌在自然环境中群体生长时现红颜色。视黄醛类色素在这类细菌中可能是普遍存在的,它 们能使离子运动并穿过细胞膜。含菌视紫素者,可用菌视紫素为质子pump,被光能所驱 动所产生的质子梯度合成ATP。最适的生长温度是35-50°C。化能有机营养,利用氨基 酸或碳水化合物作为碳源。在细胞内,通过积累高浓度的KCl来实现其渗透调节 5. What are the three major classes of methane-producing archaea? The three major classes of methane-producing archaea: Methanobacteriales(甲烷杆菌目) The first: CO2-type substrate consumers, the second type reduction of methyl group of methyl-containing compounds to methane, the third type: grow on alcohol rather than methanol for making methane Methanococcales(甲烷球菌 Meth anomicrobiales(甲烷微菌目) 6. List several species of methane-producing archaea you have learn Methanobacterium formicium甲酸甲烷杆菌, Methanobrevibacterruminantiun反刍甲烷短杆菌, Methanothermus fervilus涕腾伊烷噎热菌, Methanococcus vannielii万尼氏甲烷球菌, Methanomicrobium mobile运动甲烷微菌, Methanospirillum hungatei洪氏甲烷螺菌, Methanogenium cariaci卡利亚奇产甲烷菌, Methanosarcina barker巴氏甲烷八叠球菌, Methanolobus tindarius T氏甲烷叶菌,Hyperthermophilic (极端嗜热的古细菌): -Thermococcales-Thermococcaceae-Thermococcus, Pyrococcus -Thermoproteales-Thermoproteaceae-Thermoproteus,Thermofilum -Desulfurococcaceae-Desulfurococcus -Sulfobales-Sulfolobaceae-Sulfolobus, Acidianus Thermoplasma(热原体属) 3. Where to isolate halophilic Archaea? 高盐浓度的自然界，如盐湖，硷湖和盐场，也常见于晒制的粗盐和用晒盐 腌制的蛋白质品(咸鱼和皮革) 。 4. What are the physiological features of halophiles? The physiological features of halophiles are: 细胞杆状或球状，并出现许多退化类型，从圆盘形到三角形都有。不运动或靠丛生极 端鞭毛运动。革兰氏染色阴性和阳性(2%乙酸固定后) 。好氧或兼性厌氧。需要很高浓度的 盐，生长至少需要 1.5mol/L(约为 9%) NaCl, 但大多数菌种在 3.5-4.0mol/L NaCl 生长 最好。由于细胞内含有 C50 类胡萝卜素(菌红素) ，使其菌种落具有各种红色色调，并使得 该菌在自然环境中群体生长时现红颜色。视黄醛类色素在这类细菌中可能是普遍存在的，它 们能使离子运动并穿过细胞膜。含菌视紫素者，可用菌视紫素为质子 pump，被光能所驱 动所产生的质子梯度合成 ATP。最适的生长温度是 35-50°С。化能有机营养，利用氨基 酸或碳水化合物作为碳源。在细胞内，通过积累高浓度的 KCl 来实现其渗透调节。 5. What are the three major classes of methane-producing archaea? The three major classes of methane-producing archaea: Methanobacteriales (甲烷杆菌目) The first: CO2-type substrate consumers, the second type: reduction of methyl group of methyl-containing compounds to methane, the third type: grow on alcohol rather than methanol for making methane. Methanococcales (甲烷球菌目) Methanomicrobiales (甲烷微菌目) 6. List several species of methane-producing archaea you have learned. Methanobacterium formicicum 甲酸甲烷杆菌, Methanobrevibacter ruminantium 反刍甲烷短杆菌， Methanothermus fervilus 沸腾甲烷嗜热菌, Methanococcus vanniellii 万尼氏甲烷球菌, Methanomicrobium mobile 运动甲烷微菌, Methanospirillum hungatei 洪氏甲烷螺菌, Methanogenium cariaci 卡利亚奇产甲烷菌, Methanosarcina barkeri 巴氏甲烷八叠球菌, Methanolobus tindarius 丁氏甲烷叶菌