三、课程性质与教学目的 《语言学概论（英）》课程是为英语专业本科生开设的英语专业必修课之一。 本课程的开设旨在帮助学生掌握英语语言学的基本概念、理论知识，培养学生的 语言意识和逻辑思维能力，提高学生对语言现象的观察和分析的能力，为学生进 一步学习语言学及其相关学科、进行语言学及其相关领域的研究打下良好的基 础。 四、教学内容及要求 Chapter One Introduction (一)目的与要求 Students will learn 1.The definition of linguistics 2.The major branches of linguistics. 3.What each branch study? 4.Some distinctions in linguistics 5.The definitions of language. 6.Design features of human language 7.Functions of human language 8.Marxist view on language (二)教学内容 1.主要内容 1.1 What is linguistics? 1.1.1 Definition Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language.Linguistics studies not any particular language,but it studies languages in general.It is a scientific study because it is based on the systematic investigation of linguistic data conducted with reference to some general theory of language structure. 1.1.2 The scope of linguistics The study of language as a whole is often called general linguistics.The scope of linguistics covers:phonetics,phonology,morphology,syntax,semantics,pragmatics. sociolinguistics,psycholinguistics,applied linguistics. 1.1.3 Some important distinctions in linguistics 1.1.3.1 Prescriptive vs.descriptive If a linguistic study aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use,it is said to be descriptive:if the linguistic study aims to lay down rules for correct and standard"behavior in using language,it is said to be prescriptive 1.1.3.2 Synchronic vs.diachronic The description of a language at some point of time in history is a synchronic 2 2 三、课程性质与教学目的 《语言学概论（英）》课程是为英语专业本科生开设的英语专业必修课之一。 本课程的开设旨在帮助学生掌握英语语言学的基本概念、理论知识，培养学生的 语言意识和逻辑思维能力，提高学生对语言现象的观察和分析的能力，为学生进 一步学习语言学及其相关学科、进行语言学及其相关领域的研究打下良好的基 础。 四、教学内容及要求 Chapter One Introduction （一）目的与要求 Students will learn 1．The definition of linguistics. 2．The major branches of linguistics. 3．What each branch study? 4．Some distinctions in linguistics. 5．The definitions of language. 6．Design features of human language 7．Functions of human language 8．Marxist view on language （二）教学内容 1. 主要内容 1.1 What is linguistics? 1.1.1 Definition Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language. Linguistics studies not any particular language, but it studies languages in general. It is a scientific study because it is based on the systematic investigation of linguistic data, conducted with reference to some general theory of language structure. 1.1.2 The scope of linguistics The study of language as a whole is often called general linguistics. The scope of linguistics covers: phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, applied linguistics. 1.1.3 Some important distinctions in linguistics 1.1.3.1 Prescriptive vs. descriptive If a linguistic study aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, it is said to be descriptive; if the linguistic study aims to lay down rules for “correct and standard” behavior in using language, it is said to be prescriptive. 1.1.3.2 Synchronic vs. diachronic The description of a language at some point of time in history is a synchronic