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·798 北京科技大学学报 第34卷 20m 20 um 图6M3高速钢锻造后微观组织.(a)铸造:(b)喷射成形 Fig.6 Microstructures of M3 high speed steel after hot deformation:(a)cast:(b)spray-formed 化物的析出被抑制,残余奥氏体含量提高.铸态M3 2008,477(1/2):50 高速钢是典型的莱氏体共晶组织,粗大共晶碳化物 [6]Mesquita R A,Barbosa C A.Spray forming high speed steel-prop- erties and processing.Mater Sci Eng A,2004,383(1):87 分布在枝晶间,一次枝晶尺寸最大达到毫米级:而沉 7]Zhang Y,Zhang G Q,Li Z,et al.Research on properties of high 积坯组织为细小等轴晶,M,C共晶碳化物尺寸小于 speed steel prepared by spray forming.J Aeronaut Mater,2008, 10μm,为薄片层状或短棒状,一次MC碳化物尺寸 28(6):32 为2~3μm. (张勇,张国庆,李周,等.喷射成形高速钢沉积坯性能分析 (2)提高加热温度,有利于M2C共晶碳化物分 航空材料学报,2008,28(6):32) 解;但过高的温度使得分解后的M。C长大,不利于 [8]Yan F,Xu Z,Shi H S,et al.Microstructure of the spray formed Vanadis 4 steel and its ultrafine structure.Mater Charact,2008, 合金性能的提高.在相同加热温度和相同保温时间 59(5):592 下,沉积态M,C共晶碳化物分解更完全,组织长大 9]Zhang JG,Xu H B,Shi HS,et al.Microstructure and properties 趋势小于铸态组织,并且分布更均匀. of spray formed Cr2 MoV steel for rolls.J Mater Process Technol, (3)预热处理可以使得M,C共晶碳化物预先 2001,111(1-3):79 分解和M,C球化,有利于后续热加工过程中碳化物 [10]Zhou X F,Fang F,Jiang J Q.Effect of cooling rates on M2C eu- tectic carbides in high speed steel.Foundry.2008,57(7):658 的分布,采用这种工艺,喷射沉积组织中碳化物最大 (周雪峰,方峰,蒋建清.冷却速度对高速钢M2C共品碳化物 尺寸小于5μm,一般为2~3m 的影响.铸造,2008,57(7):658) [11]Fredriksson H,Hillert M,Nica M.The decomposition of the 参考文献 M2C carbide in high-speed steel.Scand J Metall,1979,8(3): [1]Xu H B,Wu JS,Zhang JG.Development of spray forming tech- 115 nology and its application in industry.Mater Mech Eng,1999,23 [12]Fischmeister H F,Riedl R,Karagoz S.Solidification of high- (6):1 speed tool steels.Metall Trans A,1989,20(10):2133 (徐寒冰,吴建生,章靖国.喷射成形技术进展及其工业应用. [13]Lee E S,Park W J,Jung J Y,et al.Solidification microstructure 机械工程材料,1999,23(6):1) and M2 C carbide decomposition in a spray-formed high-speed Grant P S.Spray forming.Prog Mater Sci,1995,39(4/5):497 steel.Metall Mater Trans A,1998,29 (5):1395 B]Lin Y J,McHugh K M,Zhou Y Z,et al.Microstructure and [14]Zhou B,Shen Y,Chen J,et al.Evolving mechanism of eutectic hardness of spray-formed chromium-containing steel tooling.Scrip- carbide in as-east AlSI M2 high-speed steel at elevated tempera- ta Mater,2006,55(7):581 ture.J Shanghai Jiaotong Unie Sci,2010,15(4):463 4]Lin Y J,McHugh K M,Zhou Y Z,et al.Modeling the spray [15]Chi H X,Ma DS,Wu L Z,et al.Phase transition characteristics forming of H13 steel tooling.Metall Mater Trans A,2007,38 of M2 C eutectic carbide in M2 high speed steel.Heat Treat Met (7):1632 2010,35(5):19 [5]McHugh K M,Lin Y,Zhou Y,et al.Influence of cooling rate on (迟宏宵,马党参,吴立志,等.M2高速钢中M2C共晶碳化物 phase formation in spray-formed H13 tool steel.Mater Sci Eng A, 的相变行为.金属热处理,2010,35(5):19)北 京 科 技 大 学 学 报 第 34 卷 图 6 M3 高速钢锻造后微观组织. ( a) 铸造; ( b) 喷射成形 Fig. 6 Microstructures of M3 high speed steel after hot deformation: ( a) cast; ( b) spray-formed 化物的析出被抑制,残余奥氏体含量提高. 铸态 M3 高速钢是典型的莱氏体共晶组织,粗大共晶碳化物 分布在枝晶间,一次枝晶尺寸最大达到毫米级; 而沉 积坯组织为细小等轴晶,M2C 共晶碳化物尺寸小于 10 μm,为薄片层状或短棒状,一次 MC 碳化物尺寸 为 2 ~ 3 μm. ( 2) 提高加热温度,有利于 M2C 共晶碳化物分 解; 但过高的温度使得分解后的 M6 C 长大,不利于 合金性能的提高. 在相同加热温度和相同保温时间 下,沉积态 M2 C 共晶碳化物分解更完全,组织长大 趋势小于铸态组织,并且分布更均匀. ( 3) 预热处理可以使得 M2 C 共晶碳化物预先 分解和 M6C 球化,有利于后续热加工过程中碳化物 的分布,采用这种工艺,喷射沉积组织中碳化物最大 尺寸小于 5 μm,一般为 2 ~ 3 μm. 参 考 文 献 [1] Xu H B,Wu J S,Zhang J G. Development of spray forming tech￾nology and its application in industry. Mater Mech Eng,1999,23 ( 6) : l ( 徐寒冰,吴建生,章靖国. 喷射成形技术进展及其工业应用. 机械工程材料,1999,23( 6) : 1) [2] Grant P S. Spray forming. Prog Mater Sci,1995,39( 4 /5) : 497 [3] Lin Y J,McHugh K M,Zhou Y Z,et al. Microstructure and hardness of spray-formed chromium-containing steel tooling. Scrip￾ta Mater,2006,55( 7) : 581 [4] Lin Y J,McHugh K M,Zhou Y Z,et al. Modeling the spray forming of H13 steel tooling. Metall Mater Trans A,2007,38 ( 7) : 1632 [5] McHugh K M,Lin Y,Zhou Y,et al. Influence of cooling rate on phase formation in spray-formed H13 tool steel. Mater Sci Eng A, 2008,477( 1 /2) : 50 [6] Mesquita R A,Barbosa C A. Spray forming high speed steel-prop￾erties and processing. Mater Sci Eng A,2004,383( 1) : 87 [7] Zhang Y,Zhang G Q,Li Z,et al. Research on properties of high speed steel prepared by spray forming. J Aeronaut Mater,2008, 28( 6) : 32 ( 张勇,张国庆,李周,等. 喷射成形高速钢沉积坯性能分析. 航空材料学报,2008,28( 6) : 32) [8] Yan F,Xu Z,Shi H S,et al. Microstructure of the spray formed Vanadis 4 steel and its ultrafine structure. Mater Charact,2008, 59( 5) : 592 [9] Zhang J G,Xu H B,Shi H S,et al. Microstructure and properties of spray formed Cr12 MoV steel for rolls. J Mater Process Technol, 2001,111( 1--3) : 79 [10] Zhou X F,Fang F,Jiang J Q. Effect of cooling rates on M2C eu￾tectic carbides in high speed steel. Foundry,2008,57( 7) : 658 ( 周雪峰,方峰,蒋建清. 冷却速度对高速钢 M2C 共晶碳化物 的影响. 铸造,2008,57( 7) : 658) [11] Fredriksson H,Hillert M,Nica M. The decomposition of the M2C carbide in high-speed steel. Scand J Metall,1979,8( 3) : 115 [12] Fischmeister H F,Riedl R,Karagz S. Solidification of high￾speed tool steels. Metall Trans A,1989,20( 10) : 2133 [13] Lee E S,Park W J,Jung J Y,et al. Solidification microstructure and M2 C carbide decomposition in a spray-formed high-speed steel. Metall Mater Trans A,1998,29( 5) : 1395 [14] Zhou B,Shen Y,Chen J,et al. Evolving mechanism of eutectic carbide in as-cast AISI M2 high-speed steel at elevated tempera￾ture. J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci,2010,15( 4) : 463 [15] Chi H X,Ma D S,Wu L Z,et al. Phase transition characteristics of M2C eutectic carbide in M2 high speed steel. Heat Treat Met, 2010,35( 5) : 19 ( 迟宏宵,马党参,吴立志,等. M2 高速钢中 M2C 共晶碳化物 的相变行为. 金属热处理,2010,35( 5) : 19) ·798·
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