Metoprolol美托洛尔：Much less B2-antagonistic than propranolol,.thus can be used in patients who also suffer from asthma,diabetes,or peripheral vascular disease. Nadolol纳多洛尔，carteolol,atenolol,,betaxolol,bisoprolol:Slower metabolism and longer half-life for these drugs.They can be administered once daily.The underlined are B,-selective antagonists. Pindolol吲哚洛尔，心得静，acebutolol,,penbutolol::Antagonistic effect is combined with partial agonistic effect on B2-AR.Particularly useful for patients with cardiac failure,bradyarrhythmias,or peripheral vascular disease. Labetalol柳胺苄心定，carvedilol::These are given as racemic mixture of isomeric compounds.Major advantage is combined a and B blockers and therefore these are more powerful drugs.Labetalol also has some B2-agonistic effect. Labetalol is used for treating hypertensive emergencies(injection)or hyperten- sion resulting from pheochromocytoma.Carvedilol can be used in patients with congestive heart failure. Adverse effects and toxicity: (1)Withdrawal syndrome(nervousness,tachycardia,angina,BP increase). (2)Reduced myocardial reserve and peripheral vascular insufficiency; exacerbates asthma.diabetes. (3)Increased plasma triglycerides and decreased HDL cholesterol(propranolol) (4)CNS effects:lassitude,mental depression,insomnia,nightmares. (5)Gl effects:diarrhea,constipation,nausea,vomiting. 1111 Metoprolol 美托洛尔: Much less β2-antagonistic than propranolol, thus can be used in patients who also suffer from asthma, diabetes, or peripheral vascular disease. Nadolol 纳多洛尔, carteolol, atenolol, betaxolol, bisoprolol: Slower metabolism and longer half-life for these drugs. They can be administered once daily. The underlined are β1-selective antagonists. Pindolol 吲哚洛尔，心得静, acebutolol, penbutolol: Antagonistic effect is combined with partial agonistic effect on β2-AR. Particularly useful for patients with cardiac failure, bradyarrhythmias, or peripheral vascular disease. Labetalol 柳胺苄心定, carvedilol: These are given as racemic mixture of isomeric compounds. Major advantage is combined α and β blockers and therefore these are more powerful drugs. Labetalol also has some β2-agonistic effect. Labetalol is used for treating hypertensive emergencies (injection) or hyperten￾sion resulting from pheochromocytoma. Carvedilol can be used in patients with congestive heart failure. Adverse effects and toxicity: (1) Withdrawal syndrome (nervousness, tachycardia, angina, BP increase). (2) Reduced myocardial reserve and peripheral vascular insufficiency; exacerbates asthma, diabetes. (3) Increased plasma triglycerides and decreased HDL cholesterol (propranolol). (4) CNS effects: lassitude, mental depression, insomnia, nightmares. (5) GI effects: diarrhea, constipation, nausea, vomiting