Relays are modeled, and they emulate the behavior of the actual devices in the fiel ated at periodic intervals. flows and states(bus voltages and angles, topology, transformer taps, etc. )are calcula Instructional System This subsystem includes the capabilities to start, stop, restart, and control the simulation. It also includes making savecases, retrieving savecases, reinitializing to a new time, and initializing to a specific real-time situation. is also used to define event schedules. Events are associated with both the power system simulation and the ECS functions. Events may be deterministic(occur at a predefined time), conditional(based on a predefined set of power system conditions being met), or probabilistic(occur at random Defining Terms Application: A software function within the energy management system which allows the operator to perform a specific set of tasks to meet a specific set of objectives Dispatch: The allocation of generation requirement to the various generating units that are available Distribution system: That part of the power system network which is connected to, and responsible for, the final delivery of power to the customer; typically the part of the network that operates at 33 kv and below to 120 V. Interchange or transaction: A negotiated purchase or sale of power between two companies. Remote terminal unit(RTU): Hardware that gathers system-wide real-time data from various locations within substations and generating plants for telemetry to the energ management syst Security: The ability of the power system to sustain and survive planned and unplanned events without violating operational constraints Related Topics 65.3 Secondary Distribution System.65.6 Load Characteristics.66.1 Generators. 105 1 Introduction References Application of Optimization Methods for Economy/Security Functions in Power System Operations, IEEE tutorial course, IEEE Publication 90EH0328-5-PWR, 1990 Distribution Automation, IEEE Power Engineering Society, IEEE Publication EH0280-8-PBM, 1988 C. J. Erickson, Handbook of Electrical Heating, IEEE Press, 1995 Energy Control Center Design, IEEE tutorial course, IEEE Publication 77 TU0010-9 PWR, 1977. Fundamentals of Load Management, IEEE Power Engineering Society, IEEE Publication EHO289-9-PBM, 1988 Fundamentals of Supervisory Controls, IEEE tutorial course, IEEE Publication 91 EH0337-6 PWR,1991 M. Kleinpeter, Energy Planning and Policy, New York: Wiley, 1995 Special issue on computers in power system operations, Proc. IEEE, voL. 75, no. 12, 1987. W C. Turner, Energy Management Handbook, Fairmont Press, 1997. Further information Current innovations and applications of new technologies and algorithms are presented in the following publication IEEE Power Engineering Review(monthly) IEEE Transactions on Power Systems(bimonthly) Proceedings of the Power Industry Computer Application Conference(biannual) c 2000 by CRC Press LLC© 2000 by CRC Press LLC flows and states (bus voltages and angles, topology, transformer taps, etc.) are calculated at periodic intervals. Relays are modeled, and they emulate the behavior of the actual devices in the field. Instructional System This subsystem includes the capabilities to start, stop, restart, and control the simulation. It also includes making savecases, retrieving savecases, reinitializing to a new time, and initializing to a specific real-time situation. It is also used to define event schedules. Events are associated with both the power system simulation and the ECS functions. Events may be deterministic (occur at a predefined time), conditional (based on a predefined set of power system conditions being met), or probabilistic (occur at random). Defining Terms Application: A software function within the energy management system which allows the operator to perform a specific set of tasks to meet a specific set of objectives. Dispatch: The allocation of generation requirement to the various generating units that are available. Distribution system: That part of the power system network which is connected to, and responsible for, the final delivery of power to the customer; typically the part of the network that operates at 33 kV and below, to 120 V. Interchange or transaction: A negotiated purchase or sale of power between two companies. Remote terminal unit (RTU): Hardware that gathers system-wide real-time data from various locations within substations and generating plants for telemetry to the energy management system. Security: The ability of the power system to sustain and survive planned and unplanned events without violating operational constraints. Related Topics 65.3 Secondary Distribution System • 65.6 Load Characteristics • 66.1 Generators • 105.1 Introduction References Application of Optimization Methods for Economy/Security Functions in Power System Operations, IEEE tutorial course, IEEE Publication 90EH0328-5-PWR, 1990. Distribution Automation, IEEE Power Engineering Society, IEEE Publication EH0280-8-PBM, 1988. C. J. Erickson, Handbook of Electrical Heating, IEEE Press, 1995. Energy Control Center Design, IEEE tutorial course, IEEE Publication 77 TU0010-9 PWR, 1977. Fundamentals of Load Management, IEEE Power Engineering Society, IEEE Publication EH0289-9-PBM, 1988. Fundamentals of Supervisory Controls, IEEE tutorial course, IEEE Publication 91 EH0337-6 PWR, 1991. M. Kleinpeter, Energy Planning and Policy, New York: Wiley, 1995. “Special issue on computers in power system operations,” Proc. IEEE, vol. 75, no. 12, 1987. W. C. Turner, Energy Management Handbook, Fairmont Press, 1997. Further Information Current innovations and applications of new technologies and algorithms are presented in the following publications: • IEEE Power Engineering Review (monthly) • IEEE Transactions on Power Systems (bimonthly) • Proceedings of the Power Industry Computer Application Conference (biannual)