philosophy? 5.What were the major differences between Locke's concept of “social contract'"and Hobbes's？ 6.How did Locke justify rebellion against government? DIVISION SIX 7.What is the theme of John Milton's Paradise Lost? 8.What is Descartes's method of Cartesian doubt?What is its THE AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT significance？ 9.Who was the most well-known writer in the 17th century French literature?Say something about one of his major I.General Introduction works. 10.What are some of the characteristics of Baroque art? 1.Enlightenment The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement originating in France,which attracted widespread support among the ruling and intellectural classes of Europe and North America in the second half of the 18th century.It characterizes the efforts by certain European writers to use critical reason to free minds from prejudice, unexamined authority and oppression by Church or State.Therefore the Enlightenment is sometimes called the Age of Reason. Although the Enlightenment was a movement that gained momentum in the second half of the 18th century,its intellectual origin could be traced back to the previous century.The most important forerunners of the Enlightenment were two 17th century Englishmen John Locke and Isaac Newton.Locke's materialist theory attributed the origin of ideas to sensations inscribed on the blank slate of mind.Newton's theory of gravitation further demonstrated to the world that the universe is governed by laws that could be understood by the human mind.Their theories fostered the belief in natural law and universal order and established confidence in human reason. 230 231 “法划路重