习题 14.1写出苯甲醛与下列试剂反应的主要产物。 (1)HCN.HO (2)C,HsMgBr,干醚，然后HO (3)n-CHoli,然后H:O (4)CH=CNa,液NH,然后H,O (5)BrCH,COOC.H5,Z,苯，然后H,0(6)PhP=CHCH,CH (7)CH2N2 (8)CHOH,干燥HCI (9)饱和NaHSO3溶液 (10)NH2OH (11)苯腓 (12)2,4.三硝基苯册 (13)氨基脲 (14)苯胺 (15)Tollens试剂 (16)Fehling试剂 (17)KMnO:H2SO4 (18)CH;CO,H (19)LiAIH4,然后HO (20)NaBH. (2)浓NaOH (22)CH,O,浓NaOH (23)CH CHO,稀NaOH (24)(CHCCO)O,CHCOOK (25)HNO3,HS04,10C (26)Al[OCH (CHs)2.(CH3)2CHOH 14.2写出苯乙酮与下列试剂反应的主要产物。 (1)HCN,HO (2)CoHsMgBr,然后H,O (3)CH,C=CNa,然后H,O (4)BrCH-COOC2Hs,Z,然后HO (5)Ph P=CH (6)HOCH-CH,OH,干娱HC (7)HSCH-CHSH,H+ (8)饱和NaHSO溶液 (9)H2N-NH2 (10)CHsNHNH2 (1l)Tollens试剂 (12)CF,C0,H (13)NaBH (14)Na.CH.OH (15)MgHg,无水苯，然后HO (16)Zn-Hg.HCI (17)NH,NH2,KOH,三甘醇 (18)Br,CHCOOH (19)I2,NaOH (20)稀0H (21)HNO3,H2SO4,10C 14.3写出2丁烯醛与下列试剂反应的主要产物。 (1)HBr (2)H2,Ni (3)LiA1H4,乙醚，然后HO (4)NaBH4,C,HsOH,然后H,O (5)i,液氨，然后HO (7)HCN (9)KMnO,H2SO (10)稀NaOH (11)1,3.丁二烯 (12)C,HOH,干躁HC1 14.4写出对苯醌与下列试剂反应的主要产物， (1)2Br (3)CHMgI,干醚，然后HO (4)H-NOH (6)CH.NH (7)CH,0 (8)HCN (9)e,H,0 14.5利用简单的化学方法鉴别下列客组化合物。 (1)A.戊醛 B.2-戊酮 C.3-戊酮 D.环户周 (2)A.2-己酮 B.3-己酮 C.己二醛 D.5-己酮醛
14.1 ￾✂✁☎✄✝✆✟✞✡✠☞☛✍✌✏✎✡✑✓✒✏✔✖✕✘✗✚✙✚✛✚✜✣✢ ✤ 1 ✥ HCN ✦ HO - ✤ 2 ✥ C2H5MgBr ✦✘✧✚★✖✦✘✩✍✪ H3O + ✤ 3 ✥ n-C4H9Li ✦✫✩✍✪ H3O + ✤ 4 ✥ CH3✬CNa ✦✘✭ NH3 ✦✫✩✚✪ H3O + ✤ 5 ✥ BrCH2COOC2H5 ✦ Zn ✦ ✄ ✦✘✩✚✪ H3O + ✤ 6 ✥ PhP=CHCH2CH3 ✤ 7 ✥ CH2N2 ✤ 8 ✥ C2H5OH ✦✘✧☞✮ HCl ✤ 9 ✥✰✯✍✱ NaHSO3 ✲✭ ✤ 10 ✥ NH2OH ✤ 11 ✥ ✄☞✳ ✤ 12 ✥ 2 ✦ 4-✴☞✵✍✶✄✚✳ ✤ 13 ✥✰✷✍✶✚✸ ✤ 14 ✥ ✄✚✹ ✤ 15 ✥ Tollens ✎✓✑ ✤ 16 ✥ Fehling ✎✓✑ ✤ 17 ✥ KMnO4 ✦ H2SO4 ✤ 18 ✥ CH3CO3H ✤ 19 ✥ LiAlH4 ✦✘✩✍✪ H3O + ✤ 20 ✥ NaBH4 ✤ 21 ✥✰✺ NaOH ✤ 22 ✥ CH2O ✦✘✺ NaOH ✤ 23 ✥ CH3CHO ✦☎✻ NaOH ✤ 24 ✥ ✤ CH3CCO ✥ 2O ✦ CH3COOK ✤ 25 ✥ HNO3 ✦ H2SO4 ✦ 10✼ ✤ 26 ✥ Al[OCH ✤ CH3 ✥ 2]3 ✦ ✤ CH3 ✥ 2CHOH 14.2 ￾✂✁☎✄✂✽✘✾✡✠☞☛✍✌✏✎✡✑✓✒✏✔✖✕✘✗✚✙✚✛✚✜✣✢ ✤ 1 ✥ HCN ✦ HO - ✤ 2 ✥ C6H5MgBr ✦✫✩✚✪ H3O + ✤ 3 ✥ CH3C✬CNa ✦✫✩✚✪ H3O + ✤ 4 ✥ BrCH2COOC2H5 ✦ Zn ✦✘✩✚✪ H3O + ✤ 5 ✥ Ph3P=CH2 ✤ 6 ✥ HOCH2CH2OH ✦☎✧✚✮ HCl ✤ 7 ✥ HSCH2CH2SH ✦ H+ ✤ 8 ✥✰✯✍✱ NaHSO3 ✲✭ ✤ 9 ✥ H2N ✿NH2 ✤ 10 ✥ C6H5NHNH2 ✤ 11 ✥ Tollens ✎✓✑ ✤ 12 ✥ CF3CO3H ✤ 13 ✥ NaBH4 ✤ 14 ✥ Na ✦ C2H5OH ✤ 15 ✥ Mg-Hg ✦☎❀✡❁✄ ✦✘✩✍✪ H3O + ✤ 16 ✥ Zn-Hg ✦ HCl ✤ 17 ✥ NH2NH2 ✦ KOH ✦☎❂✍❃✡❄ ✤ 18 ✥ Br2 ✦ CH3COOH ✤ 19 ✥ I2 ✦ NaOH ✤ 20 ✥✰✻ OH - ✤ 21 ✥ HNO3 ✦ H2SO4 ✦ 10✼ 14.3 ￾✂✁ 2-❅✏❆✞✡✠☞☛✍✌✏✎✓✑✓✒❇✔❈✕☎✗✍✙☞✛✍✜❈✢ ✤ 1 ✥ HBr ✤ 2 ✥ H2 ✦ Ni ✤ 3 ✥ LiAlH4 ✦ ✽★✂✦✫✩✚✪ H3O + ✤ 4 ✥ NaBH4 ✦ C2H5OH ✦✫✩✚✪ H2O ✤ 5 ✥ Li ✦✫✭✚✷✖✦✘✩✚✪ H3O + ✤ 6 ✥ Br2 ✦ CCl4 ✤ 7 ✥ HCN ✤ 8 ✥✰✯✚✱ NaHSO3 ✲✭ ✤ 9 ✥ KMnO4 ✦ H2SO4 ✤ 10 ✥✰✻ NaOH ✤ 11 ✥ 1 ✦ 3-❅✍✴✏❆ ✤ 12 ✥ C2H5OH ✦☎✧✍❉ HCl 14.4 ￾✂✁❋❊✡✄✚●✡✠☞☛✍✌✏✎✡✑✓✒✏✔✖✕✘✗✚✙✚✛✚✜✣✢ ✤ 1 ✥ 2Br2 ✤ 2 ✥ ✤ 3 ✥ CH3MgI ✦✘✧✍★✖✦✘✩✍✪ H3O + ✤ 4 ✥ H2NOH ✤ 5 ✥ HCl ✤ 6 ✥ C6H5NH2 ✤ 7 ✥ CH3OH ✤ 8 ✥ HCN ✤ 9 ✥ Fe ✦ H2O 14.5 ❍✚■✡❏✚❑ ✕✘▲✍▼✚◆✚❖✚P✍◗✍☛✚✌✍❘✍❙✚▲✚❚✚✜❈✢ ✤ 1 ✥ A. ❯ ✞ B. 2-❯ ✾ C. 3-❯ ✾ D. ❱✣❲✾ ✤ 2 ✥ A. 2-❲✾ B. 3-❲✾ C. ❲✘✴✞ D. 5-❲✾✍✞