utterance. Different pitches help us express our feelings: happiness, sadness, surprise, to the r of an utterance. therefo listen to how speakers talk as well as to what they say. The How and WHAT together ve us the meaning of an English utterance We now see the importance to use the appropriate intonation patterns when we speak. Otherwise, we may be sending messages using intonations that contradict what we want words to say. Intonation patterns that disagree with the content of the utterance may indicate doubt usion English has two basic intonation patterns: ris ing and falling. When they go together, they can make a falling-rising tone Intonation units are also called intonation-groups, tone groups or tone-units. An intonation unit usually corresponds to a sense group(or word group). An intonation unit may contain several sy lables, some of them stressed and some unstressed. The last stressed syllable is usually a marker of the highest importance and has the focus stress. On this syllable, there takes place a change of pitch, either an upward or downward movement or a combination of the two A nucleus refers to the syllable in an intonation unit which carries maximal prominence. For example, this is the normal way of saying the following sentence I am WRIting a letter to him Now here are ten syllables in this sentence among which three are stressed syllables The last stressed syllable is Now. So we say that Now has the focus stress, and is the tonic syllable and therefore is the nucleus of the intonation unit. The nucleus is the essential part of the intonation unit. It is still present even if the unit consists of a single llable, as is the case with many sentence words like yes, no, why, etc Tail. Head Pre-head of an intonation unit Any syllable or syllables that may follow the nucleus in an intonat ion unit are called the"tail " In the sentence "I am WRiting a letter to him" the nucleus of this intonation unit is on the tonic syllable "LET". There are three unstressed syllables after the nucleus. These syllables are called the" tail"of this intonation unit The part of an intonation unit that extends from the first stressed syllable up to the nucleus ia called the "head"of the intonation unit. In the sentence "I am Writing a LETter to him", the "head"of this intonation unit is made up of three syllables writing a Any unstressed syllable or syllables that may precede the"head", or the "nucleus if there is no head, are called the "pre-head".In the sentence"I am WRIting a LETter to him", "I am"comprises the"pre-head"of this intonation unit7 utterance. Different pitches help us express our feelings: happiness, sadness, surprise, annoyance, anger, and so on. In listening to the meaning of an utterance, therefore, we listen to how speakers talk as well as to what they say. The HOW and WHAT together give us the meaning of an English utterance. We now see the importance to use the appropriate intonation patterns when we speak. Otherwise, we may be sending messages using intonations that contradict what we want words to say. Intonation patterns that disagree with the content of the utterance may indicate doubt, sarcasm, or confusion. English has two basic intonation patterns: rising and falling. When they go together, they can make a falling-rising tone. Intonation units are also called intonation-groups, tone groups or tone-units. An intonation unit usually corresponds to a sense group (or word group). An intonation unit may contain several syllables, some of them stressed and some unstressed. The last stressed syllable is usually a marker of the highest importance and has the focus stress. On this syllable, there takes place a change of pitch, either an upward or downward movement, or a combination of the two. A nucleus refers to the syllable in an intonation unit which carries maximal prominence. For example, this is the normal way of saying the following sentence: I am WRIting a LETter to him NOW. There are ten syllables in this sentence among which three are stressed syllables. The last stressed syllable is NOW. So we say that NOW has the focus stress, and is the tonic syllable and therefore is the nucleus of the intonation unit. The nucleus is the essential part of the intonation unit. It is still present even if the unit consists of a single syllable, as is the case with many sentence words like yes, no, why, etc. Tail, Head & Pre-head of an intonation unit: Any syllable or syllables that may follow the nucleus in an intonation unit are called the "tail". In the sentence "I am WRIting a LETter to him", the nucleus of this intonation unit is on the tonic syllable "LET". There are three unstressed syllables after the nucleus. These syllables are called the "tail" of this intonation unit. The part of an intonation unit that extends from the first stressed syllable up to the nucleus ia called the "head" of the intonation unit. In the sentence "I am WRIting a LETter to him", the "head" of this intonation unit is made up of three syllables: "writing a". Any unstressed syllable or syllables that may precede the "head", or the "nucleus" if there is no head, are called the "pre-head". In the sentence "I am WRIting a LETter to him", "I am" comprises the "pre-head" of this intonation unit