Background and terminology import restrictions进口限制 Tariff restrictions and non-tariff barriers (NTBS) are the two methods to restrict import so that domestic producers can be protected from foreign competition.Import quotas,voluntary export quotas,import licenses and anti-dumping and counter ailing duties are three main types of non-tariff barriers.In addition to these there are direct and indirect export subsidies,technical regulations and standards,health and safety standards,customs formalities and discriminatory public procurement policies. 制价爱行蜀易大考Background and terminology Background and terminology import restrictions import restrictions 进口限制 Tariff restrictions and non Tariff restrictions and non -tariff barriers (NTBS) tariff barriers (NTBS) are the two methods to restrict import so that are the two methods to restrict import so that domestic producers can be protected from domestic producers can be protected from foreign competition. Import quotas, voluntary foreign competition. Import quotas, voluntary export quotas, import licenses and anti export quotas, import licenses and anti -dumping dumping and counter ailing duties are three main types of and counter ailing duties are three main types of non -tariff barriers. In addition to these there are tariff barriers. In addition to these there are direct and indirect export subsidies, technical direct and indirect export subsidies, technical regulations and standards, health and safety regulations and standards, health and safety standards, customs formalities and standards, customs formalities and discriminatory public procurement policies. discriminatory public procurement policies