Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice 20(2014)159-163 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice CLINICAL PRACTICE ELSEVIER journal homepage:www.elsevier.com/locate/ctcp Effect of Rosa damascene aromatherapy on sleep quality in cardiac CrossMark patients:A randomized controlled trial Ali Hajibagheri Atye Babaii,Mohsen Adib-Hajbaghery" Faculty of Nursing Midwifery.Kashan University of Medical Sciences,Kashan,Iran ABSTRACT Keywords: Objective:Sleep disorders are common among patients hospitalized in coronary care unit(CCU).This Nursing Aromatherapy study aimed to investigate the effect of Rosa damascene aromatherapy on sleep quality of patients Sleep quality hospitalized in CCU. Coronary care unit Methods:In this randomized controlled trial,60 patients who met the inclusion criteria were conve- niently sampled and randomly allocated to the experimental and control groups.Patients in the control group received routine care.In the experimental group,patients received routine care and Rosa dama- scene aromatherapy for three subsequent nights.In the both groups the sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Results:After the study,the mean scores of five domains of Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index as well as the mean of total score of the index in the experimental group were significantly lower than the control group. Conclusion:Rosa damascene aromatherapy can significantly improve the sleep quality of patients hos- pitalized in CCUs. 2014 Elsevier Ltd.All rights reserved. 1.Introduction example,sedative-hypnotic agents can increase the quality of sleep significantly.However,pharmacologic agents are usually associated Sleep is a fundamental human need and also a determinant of with different side-effects[5.Complementary therapies-includ- health maintenance and recovery from diseases [1].Most of hos- ing aromatherapy,muscle relaxation,and using eye mask and pitalized patients,particularly patients who are hospitalized in earplug-can also improve the sleep quality without causing coronary care units(CCU),have some degrees of sleep disorders [2]. serious side-effects 3.6,7]. In CCUs,environmental factors such as noises,intervention-related Aromas can increase patients'calmness through affecting the pain and discomfort,psychological stress of having an acute dis- limbic system [8].However.research findings about the effective- ease,and disease complications may put patients at risk for ness of aromatherapy in improving sleep quality are conflicting.For developing sleep disorders [3.4].Wenham and Pittard(2009)re- example,Moeini et al.found that aromatherapy enhanced sleep ported that in intensive care units,patients cannot sleep well and quality among cardiac patients [3].Chen et al.also found that may stay awake for about 30-40%of their sleep time [2]. valerian aromatherapy increased sleep duration and decreased Sleep disorders can be associated with increased sympathetic insomnia among patients hospitalized in intensive care unit [9]. activity and subsequent increased blood pressure and heart rate. However,a systematic review revealed that lavender aromatherapy raising the risk for developing cardiovascular problems among has no significant effect on sleep quality [101.Williams also found patients hospitalized in CCU [1].Consequently,improving sleep that aromatherapy has no effect on sleep quality among children quality in cardiac patients is a matter of great importance.Many with autism 11. strategies have been developed for improving sleep quality.For Rosa damascene aroma is also used as a complementary ther- apy.According to Boskabady et al,Rosa damascene has hypnotic. Corresponding author.Tel.:+98 3615550021:fax:+98 3615556633. sedative,and anticonvulsive effects on the central nervous system E-mail addresses:ali.hajibagheri@yahoo.com (A.Hajibagheri).atyebabaii@ [12.Studies have shown that Rosa damascene alleviates anxiety yahoo.com (A.Babaii).adib1344@yahoo.com,adibhajbagheri_m@kaums.ac.ir and promotes relaxation [13-15].As anxiety negatively contributes (M.Adib-Hajbaghery). 1Tel.:+983615550021 to sleep quality 16,Rosa damascene aroma may also have htp:/dx.doi.org/10.1016j.ctcp.2014.05.001 1744-3881/2014 Elsevier Ltd.All rights reservedEffect of Rosa damascene aromatherapy on sleep quality in cardiac patients: A randomized controlled trial Ali Hajibagheri 1 , Atye Babaii, Mohsen Adib-Hajbaghery* Faculty of Nursing & Midwifery, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran Keywords: Nursing Aromatherapy Sleep quality Coronary care unit abstract Objective: Sleep disorders are common among patients hospitalized in coronary care unit (CCU). This study aimed to investigate the effect of Rosa damascene aromatherapy on sleep quality of patients hospitalized in CCU. Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, 60 patients who met the inclusion criteria were conve￾niently sampled and randomly allocated to the experimental and control groups. Patients in the control group received routine care. In the experimental group, patients received routine care and Rosa dama￾scene aromatherapy for three subsequent nights. In the both groups the sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Results: After the study, the mean scores of five domains of Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index as well as the mean of total score of the index in the experimental group were significantly lower than the control group. Conclusion: Rosa damascene aromatherapy can significantly improve the sleep quality of patients hos￾pitalized in CCUs.
2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction Sleep is a fundamental human need and also a determinant of health maintenance and recovery from diseases [1]. Most of hos￾pitalized patients, particularly patients who are hospitalized in coronary care units (CCU), have some degrees of sleep disorders [2]. In CCUs, environmental factors such as noises, intervention-related pain and discomfort, psychological stress of having an acute dis￾ease, and disease complications may put patients at risk for developing sleep disorders [3,4]. Wenham and Pittard (2009) re￾ported that in intensive care units, patients cannot sleep well and may stay awake for about 30e40% of their sleep time [2]. Sleep disorders can be associated with increased sympathetic activity and subsequent increased blood pressure and heart rate, raising the risk for developing cardiovascular problems among patients hospitalized in CCU [1]. Consequently, improving sleep quality in cardiac patients is a matter of great importance. Many strategies have been developed for improving sleep quality. For example, sedative-hypnotic agents can increase the quality of sleep significantly. However, pharmacologic agents are usually associated with different side-effects [5]. Complementary therapiesdinclud￾ing aromatherapy, muscle relaxation, and using eye mask and earplugdcan also improve the sleep quality without causing serious side-effects [3,6,7]. Aromas can increase patients’ calmness through affecting the limbic system [8]. However, research findings about the effective￾ness of aromatherapy in improving sleep quality are conflicting. For example, Moeini et al. found that aromatherapy enhanced sleep quality among cardiac patients [3]. Chen et al. also found that valerian aromatherapy increased sleep duration and decreased insomnia among patients hospitalized in intensive care unit [9]. However, a systematic review revealed that lavender aromatherapy has no significant effect on sleep quality [10]. Williams also found that aromatherapy has no effect on sleep quality among children with autism [11]. Rosa damascene aroma is also used as a complementary ther￾apy. According to Boskabady et al., Rosa damascene has hypnotic, sedative, and anticonvulsive effects on the central nervous system [12]. Studies have shown that Rosa damascene alleviates anxiety and promotes relaxation [13e15]. As anxiety negatively contributes to sleep quality [16], Rosa damascene aroma may also have * Corresponding author. Tel.: þ98 3615550021; fax: þ98 3615556633. E-mail addresses: ali.hajibagheri@yahoo.com (A. Hajibagheri), atyebabaii@ yahoo.com (A. Babaii), adib1344@yahoo.com, adibhajbagheri_m@kaums.ac.ir (M. Adib-Hajbaghery). 1 Tel.: þ98 3615550021. Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ctcp http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2014.05.001 1744-3881/
2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice 20 (2014) 159e163