Other Commercial Consideration Strengths and weaknesses of biotechnological processes Strengths eaknesses Reliance on renewable Feedstocks are oxidized and feedstocks unsuitable for many applications Versatility with different Feedstock costs fluctuate feedstocks Sterilization is a major cost Food, feed and drug Product often in dilute aqueous applications solutions Fine chemicals to bulk Product recovery costly chemical applications Equipment costs high Low temperature Reactions slow leading to poor Operation in aqueous media volumetric productivity Several reactions achieved in Complicated reaction conditions a single fermentation step Mainly batch operation High level of automation High cell(catalyst) regeneration Stereospecificity costs Complex molecules High BOD wastes converted and/or produced Benign effluents producedOther Commercial Consideration Strengths and weaknesses of biotechnological processes • Strengths – Reliance on renewable feedstocks – Versatility with different feedstocks – Food, feed and drug applications – Fine chemicals to bulk chemical applications – Low temperature – Operation in aqueous media – Several reactions achieved in a single fermentation step – High level of automation – Stereospecificity – Complex molecules converted and/or produced – “Benign” effluents produced • Weaknesses – Feedstocks are oxidized and unsuitable for many applications – Feedstock costs fluctuate – Sterilization is a major cost – Product often in dilute aqueous solutions – Product recovery costly – Equipment costs high – Reactions slow leading to poor volumetric productivity – Complicated reaction conditions – Mainly batch operation – High cell (catalyst) regeneration costs – High BOD wastes