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[22] HEBERLEIN M T E, TURNER D C, RANGE F, et al. A comparison between wolves, Canis lupus , and dogs, Canis familiaris , in showing behaviour towards humans[J]. Animal behaviour, 2016, 122: 59–66. [23] WHITE K A J, LEWIS M A, MURRAY J D. A model for wolf-pack territory formation and maintenance[J]. Journ￾al of theoretical biology, 1996, 178(1): 29–43. [24] WU Husheng, ZHANG Fengming. A uncultivated wolf pack algorithm for high-dimensional functions and its ap- [25] ·132· 智 能 系 统 学 报 第 16 卷