Emerging Microbes and Infections 277 CoV-SHC014 [13],suggesting that they may also Wuhan,Hubei,China.Emerg Microbes Infect. cross-neutralize 2019-nCoV.Once identified,these 2020:9:221-236. cross-neutralizing antibodies can be promptly devel- [3]Hu D,Zhu C,Ai L,et al.Genomic characterization and infectivity of a novel SARS-like coronavirus in Chinese oped for urgent prevention and treatment of 2019- bats.Emerg Microbes Infect.2018;7:154. nCoV infection. [4]Zhang N,Wang L,Deng X,et al.Recent advances in the detection of respiratory virus infection in humans. J Med Virol.2020:92.DO:10.1002/jmv.25674 Acknowledgements [5]Du L,He Y,Zhou Y,et al.The spike protein of SARS- We thank Dr Ben Hu at Wuhan Institute of Virology,Chi- Cov-a target for vaccine and therapeutic develop- nese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan,China for phylogenetic ment.Nat Rev Microbiol.2009;7:226-236. analysis of 2019-nCoV S gene. [6]Liu S,Xiao G,Chen Y,et al.Interaction between hep- tad repeat 1 and 2 regions in spike protein of SARS associated coronavirus:implications for virus fuso- Disclosure statement genic mechanism and identification of fusion inhibi- tors.Lancet.2004:363:938-947. No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s). [7]Xia S,Yan L,Xu W,et al.A pan-coronavirus fusion inhibitor targeting the HRI domain of human corona- virus spike.Sci Adv.2019;5:eaav4580. Funding [8]Du L,Yang Y,Zhou Y,et al.MERS-CoV spike protein: a key target for antivirals.Expert Opin Ther Targets. This work was partially supported by the NIH RO1AI139092 2017;21:131-143. to L.D. [9]Zhou Y,Yang Y,Huang J,et al.Advances in MERS- CoV vaccines and therapeutics based on the recep- tor-binding domain.Viruses.2019;11:pii:E60. ORCID (10]Du L,Tai W,Yang Y,et al.Introduction of neutralizing Shibo Jiang http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8283-7135 immunogenicity index to the rational design of MERS Lanying Du http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5955-1294 coronavirus subunit vaccines.Nat Commun. Zhengli Shi http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8089-163X 2016;7:13473. [11]Wang L,Shi W,Joyce MG,et al.Evaluation of candi- date vaccine approaches for MERS-CoV.Nat References Commun.2015;6:7712. [12]Chen Y,Lu S,Jia H,et al.A novel neutralizing mono- [1]Lu H,Stratton CW,Tang YW.Outbreak of pneumonia clonal antibody targeting the N-terminal domain of the of unknown etiology in Wuhan China:the mystery and MERS-CoV spike protein.Emerg Microbes Infect. the miracle.I Med Virol.2020;92.DOI:10.1002/imv. 201756:e37. 25678 [13]Zeng LP,Ge X-Y,Peng C,et al.Cross-neutralization of [2]Chan JF,Kok KH,Zhu Z,et al.Genomic characteriz- SARS coronavirus-specific antibodies against bat ation of the 2019 novel human-pathogenic coronavirus SARS-like coronaviruses.Sci China Life Sci. isolated from patients with acute respiratory disease in 2017:60:1399-1402.CoV-SHC014 [13], suggesting that they may also cross-neutralize 2019-nCoV. Once identified, these cross-neutralizing antibodies can be promptly devel￾oped for urgent prevention and treatment of 2019- nCoV infection. Acknowledgements We thank Dr Ben Hu at Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chi￾nese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China for phylogenetic analysis of 2019-nCoV S gene. Disclosure statement No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s). Funding This work was partially supported by the NIH R01AI139092 to L.D. ORCID Shibo Jiang http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8283-7135 Lanying Du http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5955-1294 Zhengli Shi http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8089-163X References [1] Lu H, Stratton CW, Tang YW. Outbreak of pneumonia of unknown etiology in Wuhan China: the mystery and the miracle. J Med Virol. 2020;92. DOI:10.1002/jmv. 25678 [2] Chan JF, Kok KH, Zhu Z, et al. Genomic characteriz￾ation of the 2019 novel human-pathogenic coronavirus isolated from patients with acute respiratory disease in Wuhan, Hubei, China. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2020;9:221–236. [3] Hu D, Zhu C, Ai L, et al. Genomic characterization and infectivity of a novel SARS-like coronavirus in Chinese bats. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2018;7:154. [4] Zhang N, Wang L, Deng X, et al. Recent advances in the detection of respiratory virus infection in humans. J Med Virol. 2020;92. DOI:10.1002/jmv.25674 [5] Du L, He Y, Zhou Y, et al. The spike protein of SARS￾CoV—a target for vaccine and therapeutic develop￾ment. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2009;7:226–236. [6] Liu S, Xiao G, Chen Y, et al. Interaction between hep￾tad repeat 1 and 2 regions in spike protein of SARS￾associated coronavirus: implications for virus fuso￾genic mechanism and identification of fusion inhibi￾tors. Lancet. 2004;363:938–947. [7] Xia S, Yan L, Xu W, et al. A pan-coronavirus fusion inhibitor targeting the HR1 domain of human corona￾virus spike. Sci Adv. 2019;5:eaav4580. [8] Du L, Yang Y, Zhou Y, et al. MERS-CoV spike protein: a key target for antivirals. Expert Opin Ther Targets. 2017;21:131–143. [9] Zhou Y, Yang Y, Huang J, et al. Advances in MERS￾CoV vaccines and therapeutics based on the recep￾tor-binding domain. Viruses. 2019;11:pii: E60. [10] Du L, Tai W, Yang Y, et al. Introduction of neutralizing immunogenicity index to the rational design of MERS coronavirus subunit vaccines. Nat Commun. 2016;7:13473. [11] Wang L, Shi W, Joyce MG, et al. Evaluation of candi￾date vaccine approaches for MERS-CoV. Nat Commun. 2015;6:7712. [12] Chen Y, Lu S, Jia H, et al. A novel neutralizing mono￾clonal antibody targeting the N-terminal domain of the MERS-CoV spike protein. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2017;6:e37. [13] Zeng LP, Ge X-Y, Peng C, et al. Cross-neutralization of SARS coronavirus-specific antibodies against bat SARS-like coronaviruses. Sci China Life Sci. 2017;60:1399–1402. Emerging Microbes and Infections 277