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·392· 工程科学学报,第41卷,第3期 由上表可看出,有限元仿真结果与实验结果较 wedge rolling of hollowed shaft.J Mater Process Technol,2005, 为接近.其中有限元仿真的轧件轴身最大尺寸值较 164-165:1154 为精确,最大相对误差为1.39%,平均的相对误差 6 Ding W,Yang C P,Zhang KS,et al.Thermomechanical coupled numerical simulation on cross wedge rolling of hollow shaft parts 为0.56%:而对不圆度的计算存在一定误差,其最 with equal inner diameter.J Univ Sci Technol Beijing,2010,32 大相对误差为50%,平均相对误差为17.7%,原因 (4):525 是不圆度的绝对值较小,造成相对误差较大.对比 (丁髒,杨翠苹,张康生,等.楔横轧等内径空心轴的热力耦 结果说明上述建立的厚壁空心轴楔横轧有限元仿真 合数值模拟.北京科技大学学报,2010,32(4):525) 7] 模型预测精度较高,具有参考性 Yang C P,Zhang K S,Hu Z H.Numerical simulation study on the cause of ellipse generation in two-roll cross wedge rolling the 5结论 hollow parts with uniform inner diameter.J Unie Sci Technol Bei- jing,2012,34(12):1426 (1)通过热压缩实验研究了25CrMo4在楔横 (杨翠苹,张康生,胡正囊.两辊楔横轧等内径空心轴产生椭 工艺条件下的高温变形行为,并获得其真应力一 圆原因的数值模拟研究.北京科技大学学报,2012,34(12): 1426) 应变曲线,可为该材料塑性成形过程数值仿真提供 [8]Xu G,Wang L N,Li S Q,et al.Hot deformation behavior of 材料模型的实验依据. EA4T steel.Acta Metall Sin (Engl Lett),2012,25(5):374 (2)建立了25CrMo4厚壁空心轴楔横轧成形 ]Zheng S H,Shu X D,Sun B S,et al.Wall thickness uniformity 过程有限元仿真模型,分析了厚壁空心轴的成形机 of railway hollow shafts by cross-wedge rolling.Chin J Eng, 理,研究了关键工艺参数对轧件不圆度的影响规律: 2015,37(5):648 不圆度随断面收缩率的增大而减小;成形角增大不 (郑书华,束学道,孙宝寿,等。楔横轧多楔轧制高铁空心车 轴壁厚均匀性.工程科学学报,2015,37(5):648) 圆度呈减小趋势,轧制温度越高减小趋势越明显:展 [10]Ji H C,Liu J P,Wang B Y,et al.Cross-wedge rolling of a 宽角增大不圆度呈增大趋势,提高轧制温度可以抑 4C9Si2 hollow valve:explorative experiment and finite element 制这种趋势 simulation.Int J Ade Manuf Technol,2015,77(1-4):15 (3)通过楔横轧实验,轧制获得部分工艺参数 [11]Ji H C,Liu J P,Wang B Y,et al.A new method for manufac- 下25CMo4厚壁空心轴轧件.对比了实验结果与有 turing hollow valves via cross wedge rolling and forging:numeri- cal analysis and experiment validation.Mater Process Technol, 限元仿真结果,说明所建立的有限元仿真模型预测 2017,240:1 精度较高 [12]Yang C P,Hu Z H.Research on the ovality of hollow shafts in cross wedge rolling with mandrel.Int J Adv Manuf Technol, 参考文献 2016,83(1-4):67 [Hu Z H,Yang C P,Wang B Y.Development of part rolling tech- [13]Yang C P,Ma J W,Hu Z H.Analysis and design of cross wedge nology in China.J Mech Eng,2012,48(18)7 rolling hollow axle sleeve with mandrel.J Mater Process Technol, (胡正寰,杨翠苹,王宝雨.我国轴类零件轧制技术进展.机 2017,239:346 械工程学报,2012,48(18):7) [14]Yang C P,Hu Z H.Influence of the flattening deformation on the Zhang K S,Liu J P,Wang B Y,et al.Analysis on stable rolling forming of hollow parts in cross-wedge rolling.Trans Beijing Inst condition of hollow workpiece rolled by cross wedge rolling.J Unin Technol,2014,34(9):881 Sci Technol Beijing,2001,23 (2)155 (杨翠苹,胡正寰.楔横轧空心件压扁变形对成形的影响. (张康生,刘晋平,王宝雨,等.楔横轧空心件稳定轧制条件 北京理工大学学报,2014,34(9):881) 分析.北京科技大学学报,2001,23(2):155) 05] Jiang Y,Wang B Y,Hu Z H,et al.The effect of process param- B]Urankar S,Lovell M,Morrow C,et al.Establishment of failure eter on non-ircularity of thick-walled hollow adle during cross conditions for the cross-wedge rolling of hollow shafts.J Mater wedge rolling.J Plast Eng,2012,19(1):21 Process Technol,2006,177(1 -3):545 (江洋,王宝雨,胡正寶,等.工艺参数对楔横轧厚壁空心轴 [4]Huang H B,Zhang T,Shu X D.Theoretical modeling for deflec- 不圆度的影响.塑性工程学报,2012,19(1):21) tion angle of multi-wedges-synchrostep cross-wedge-rolling for hol- 6] Jiang Y,Wang B Y.Effect of mandrel on forming quality and low axle.J Syst Simul,2014,26(4)774 rolling force of cross wedge rolling for thick-wall hollow axle. (黄海波,张挺,束学道。楔横轧多楔轧制大型空心车轴的偏 Plast Eng,2012,19(6):19 转角算法.系统仿真学报,2014,26(4):774) (江洋,王宝雨.芯棒对楔横轧厚壁空心轴成形质量及轧制 5]Bartnicki J,Pater Z.Numerical simulation of three-rolls cross- 力的影响.塑性工程学报,2012,19(6):19)工程科学学报,第 41 卷,第 3 期 由上表可看出,有限元仿真结果与实验结果较 为接近. 其中有限元仿真的轧件轴身最大尺寸值较 为精确,最大相对误差为 1. 39% ,平均的相对误差 为 0. 56% ; 而对不圆度的计算存在一定误差,其最 大相对误差为 50% ,平均相对误差为 17. 7% ,原因 是不圆度的绝对值较小,造成相对误差较大. 对比 结果说明上述建立的厚壁空心轴楔横轧有限元仿真 模型预测精度较高,具有参考性. 5 结论 ( 1) 通过热压缩实验研究了 25CrMo4 在楔横 轧工艺条件下的高温变形行为,并获得其真应力-- 应变曲线,可为该材料塑性成形过程数值仿真提供 材料模型的实验依据. ( 2) 建立了 25CrMo4 厚壁空心轴楔横轧成形 过程有限元仿真模型,分析了厚壁空心轴的成形机 理,研究了关键工艺参数对轧件不圆度的影响规律: 不圆度随断面收缩率的增大而减小; 成形角增大不 圆度呈减小趋势,轧制温度越高减小趋势越明显; 展 宽角增大不圆度呈增大趋势,提高轧制温度可以抑 制这种趋势. ( 3) 通过楔横轧实验,轧制获得部分工艺参数 下 25CrMo4 厚壁空心轴轧件. 对比了实验结果与有 限元仿真结果,说明所建立的有限元仿真模型预测 精度较高. 参 考 文 献 [1] Hu Z H,Yang C P,Wang B Y. Development of part rolling tech￾nology in China. J Mech Eng,2012,48( 18) : 7 ( 胡正寰,杨翠苹,王宝雨. 我国轴类零件轧制技术进展. 机 械工程学报,2012,48( 18) : 7) [2] Zhang K S,Liu J P,Wang B Y,et al. Analysis on stable rolling condition of hollow workpiece rolled by cross wedge rolling. J Univ Sci Technol Beijing,2001,23( 2) : 155 ( 张康生,刘晋平,王宝雨,等. 楔横轧空心件稳定轧制条件 分析. 北京科技大学学报,2001,23( 2) : 155) [3] Urankar S,Lovell M,Morrow C,et al. Establishment of failure conditions for the cross-wedge rolling of hollow shafts. J Mater Process Technol,2006,177( 1 - 3) : 545 [4] Huang H B,Zhang T,Shu X D. Theoretical modeling for deflec￾tion angle of multi-wedges-synchrostep cross-wedge-rolling for hol￾low axle. J Syst Simul,2014,26( 4) : 774 ( 黄海波,张挺,束学道. 楔横轧多楔轧制大型空心车轴的偏 转角算法. 系统仿真学报,2014,26( 4) : 774) [5] Bartnicki J,Pater Z. Numerical simulation of three-rolls cross￾wedge rolling of hollowed shaft. J Mater Process Technol,2005, 164 - 165: 1154 [6] Ding W,Yang C P,Zhang K S,et al. Thermomechanical coupled numerical simulation on cross wedge rolling of hollow shaft parts with equal inner diameter. J Univ Sci Technol Beijing,2010,32 ( 4) : 525 ( 丁韡,杨翠苹,张康生,等. 楔横轧等内径空心轴的热力耦 合数值模拟. 北京科技大学学报,2010,32( 4) : 525) [7] Yang C P,Zhang K S,Hu Z H. Numerical simulation study on the cause of ellipse generation in two-roll cross wedge rolling the hollow parts with uniform inner diameter. J Univ Sci Technol Bei￾jing,2012,34( 12) : 1426 ( 杨翠苹,张康生,胡正寰. 两辊楔横轧等内径空心轴产生椭 圆原因的数值模拟研究. 北京科技大学学报,2012,34( 12) : 1426) [8] Xu G,Wang L N,Li S Q,et al. Hot deformation behavior of EA4T steel. Acta Metall Sin ( Engl Lett) ,2012,25( 5) : 374 [9] Zheng S H,Shu X D,Sun B S,et al. Wall thickness uniformity of railway hollow shafts by cross-wedge rolling. Chin J Eng, 2015,37( 5) : 648 ( 郑书华,束学道,孙宝寿,等. 楔横轧多楔轧制高铁空心车 轴壁厚均匀性. 工程科学学报,2015,37( 5) : 648) [10] Ji H C,Liu J P,Wang B Y,et al. Cross-wedge rolling of a 4Cr9Si2 hollow valve: explorative experiment and finite element simulation. Int J Adv Manuf Technol,2015,77( 1-4) : 15 [11] Ji H C,Liu J P,Wang B Y,et al. A new method for manufac￾turing hollow valves via cross wedge rolling and forging: numeri￾cal analysis and experiment validation. J Mater Process Technol, 2017,240: 1 [12] Yang C P,Hu Z H. Research on the ovality of hollow shafts in cross wedge rolling with mandrel. Int J Adv Manuf Technol, 2016,83( 1 - 4) : 67 [13] Yang C P,Ma J W,Hu Z H. Analysis and design of cross wedge rolling hollow axle sleeve with mandrel. J Mater Process Technol, 2017,239: 346 [14] Yang C P,Hu Z H. Influence of the flattening deformation on the forming of hollow parts in cross-wedge rolling. Trans Beijing Inst Technol,2014,34( 9) : 881 ( 杨翠苹,胡正寰. 楔横轧空心件压扁变形对成形的影响. 北京理工大学学报,2014,34( 9) : 881) [15] Jiang Y,Wang B Y,Hu Z H,et al. The effect of process param￾eter on non-circularity of thick-walled hollow axle during cross wedge rolling. J Plast Eng,2012,19( 1) : 21 ( 江洋,王宝雨,胡正寰,等. 工艺参数对楔横轧厚壁空心轴 不圆度的影响. 塑性工程学报,2012,19( 1) : 21) [16] Jiang Y,Wang B Y. Effect of mandrel on forming quality and rolling force of cross wedge rolling for thick-wall hollow axle. J Plast Eng,2012,19( 6) : 19 ( 江洋,王宝雨. 芯棒对楔横轧厚壁空心轴成形质量及轧制 力的影响. 塑性工程学报,2012,19( 6) : 19) · 293 ·
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