Three General Approaches for Laboratory Diagnosis of Viral Infections ■ Direct detection a Microscopy or staining a Detection of nucleic acid, antigens Virus Isolation(Indirect Examination) D CPE and other characters nucleic acid antigens for detection ■ Serology □ AntibodiesThree General Approaches for Laboratory Diagnosis of Viral Infections  Direct detection Microscopy or staining Detection of nucleic acid, antigens  Virus Isolation (Indirect Examination) CPE and other characters nucleic acid, antigens for detection  Serology Antibodies