(A-2DP=0,(A-2D)P4=0 (A-2DP2=B, P,P称为 (A-21P3=P2, 广义特征向量, (A-21)2P2=(4-2DB=0, (A-21)B3=(A-2D2P2=0, R,P2,P3,P皆满足(A-21)3X=0, 即P,P2P,P均在ker(A-2D)中 (A-21)23,(A-21)73,B3,F411 ( 2 ) , ( 2 ) , ( 2 ) 0, ( 2 ) 0, 3 2 2 1 1 4 A I P P A I P P A I P A I P − = − = − = − = ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 0, ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 0, 2 2 3 3 2 1 2 − = − = − = − = A I P A I P A I P A I P , , 2 3 广义特征向量 P P 称为 , , , ( 2 ) 0, 3 P1 P2 P3 P4 皆满足 A− I X = , , , ker(A 2 ) . 3 即P1 P2 P3 P4 均在 − I 中 2 3 3 3 4 ( 2 ) , ( 2 ) , , . A I P A I P P P − −