FIGURE 13. 9 Plant phenolics are Erythrose- 4 Phosphoenolpyruvic biosynthesized in several differ- phosphate acid(from glycolysis) ent ways In higher plants, most(from pentose phenolics are derived at least in phosphate pathway) part from phenylalanine, a prod Shikimic acid Acetyl-CoA pathway Formulas in brackets indicate the basic arrangement of carbon skeletons: Phenylalanine (C-g Malonic acid pathway Cinnamic acid Gl‖i aci indicates a benzene ring, and C is a three-carbon chain More detail on the pathway Hydrolyzable Miscellaneous from phenylalanine onward is tannins phenolics Simple phenolics Flavonoids given in Figure 13. 10 n Figure 5-6 Condensed tanninFigure 5-6