15 Feed and Industrial Uses for Cereals Introduction two categories: wheat, oats, rice and sorghum, of The worldwide usage of all the cereals, gathere which about 7% of the entire crop in each case ogether, as revealed in the FAO Food Balance used for industrial purposes, and barley, ch Sheets, is about 4% for seed, and the remainder maize and millet, of which nearly twice as mu almost equally shared between human food use (12-15%)is used industrially (49%)and animal feed plus 'processing and other (principally industrial) use(47%). The last cate- Raw materials used for feed and gory divides into about 37% for animal feed plus industrially 10%for industrial use. There is, however, con The raw materials used for these purposes fal siderable variation among the eight principal into three categories cereals, as shown in Table 15.1 1. The whole grain as harvested or perhaps with a minimum of World U 2. Certain components of the grain which pro- Cereals, 1984-86 average* vide the starting material for chemical process- Processing g These would include starch, for prod Food Feed and other Seed of ethanol, and pentosans, for manufacture of furfural 6.6 3. By-products of the milling process, which are not usually suitable for human food but which 5.378.3 33443.9 8.4 can be used for animal feed and for a wide 3.2 range of industrial uses, including fillers, adhe- 13.9 sives, abrasives. etc, besides the manufacture 11.8 2.7 of furfura Total 49.036.9 Source: FAo Food balance sheets 1984-86. Food and Animal feed Agriculture Organization, Rome, 1990 Apart from usage for human food, animal feed by far the largest use for cereals- both whole Thus, very little rice or millet is used for feed, grains and milling by-products hile over 70% of the entire crops of barley and Thus, in 1986/87, out of a total world produc- oats are so used, with the use of maize and tion of all cereals of 1, 830 million tonnes, 892 sorghum for animal feed not far behind million tonnes(48.7%)were used for animal feed For industrial use, the cereals seem to fall into (USDA, 1987b15 Feed and Industrial Uses for Cereals Introduction two categories: wheat, oats, rice and sorghum, of which about 7% of the entire crop in each case is used for industrial purposes, and barley, rye, (12-15%) is used industrially. The wor1dwide usage Of all the cereds’ gathered Sheets, is about 4% for seed, and the remainder almost equally shared between human food use (49%) and animal feed plus ‘processing and other’ (principally industrial) use (47%). The last cate￾gory divides into about 37% for animal feed plus siderable variation among the eight principal cereals, as shown in Table 15.1. together, as revea1ed in the FAo Food Ba1ance maize and millet, of which nearly twice as much Raw materials used for feed and industrially 10% for industrial use. There is, however, con- The raw materials used for these purposes fall into three categories: 1. The whole grain as harvested, or perhaps with a minimum of processing. 2. Certain components of the grain which pro￾vide the starting material for chemical process￾ing. These would include starch, for production Cereal Food Feed and other Seed of ethanol, and pentosans, for manufacture of (Yo) (%) furfural. Wheat 66.5 20.2 6.7 6.6 3. By-products of the milling process, which are Barley 5.4 73.1 14.9 6.6 not usually suitable for human food, but which can be used for animal feed and for a wide Oats 5.3 78.3 7.3 9.1 33.4 43.9 14.3 8.4 range of industrial uses, including fillers, adhe- Rye Rice 88.0 1.8 7.0 3.2 Maize 20.7 63.9 13.9 1.5 sives, abrasives, etc., besides the manufacture of furfural. Sorghum 35.2 56.6 6.9 1.3 Millet 74.7 10.8 11.8 2.7 Total 49.0 36.9 9.8 4.3 Agriculture Organization, Rome, 1990. TABLE 15.1 World Usage of the Principal Cereals, 1984-86 average* Processing (Yo) (Oh) Animal feed Apart from usage for human food, animal feed is by far the largest use for cereals - both whole grains and milling by-products. Thus, in 1986/87, out of a total world produc￾tion of all cereals of 1,830 million tonnes, 892 million tonnes (48.7%) were used for animal feed (USDA, 1987b). * Source: FA0 Food Balance Sheets 1984-86. Food and Thus, very little rice or millet is used for feed, while over 70% of the entire crops of barley and oats are so used, with the use of maize and sorghum for animal feed not far behind. For industrial use, the cereals seem to fall into 302