For the vapor dome, is there vapor and liquid inside the dome and outside is it just liquid or just gas? Is it interchangeable? Is it true for the plasma phase? (MP 2B.1 What is h How do we find it?(MP 2B.2 Reasoning behind the slopes for T=cst lines in the P-V diagram (MP 2B. 3) For a constant pressure heat addition why is g=Ah?(MP 2B. 4) What is latent heat?(MP 2B.5) Why is U a function of x?(MP 2B. 6) 2. B.3 The Carnot Cycle as a Two-Phase Power Cycle A Carnot cycle that uses a two-phase fluid as the working medium is shown below Figure 2B-6. Figure 2B-6a gives the cycle in P-v coordinates, 2B-6b in T-s coordinates, and 2B-6c in h-s coordinates. The boundary of the region in which there is liquid and vapor both present(the vapor dome)is also indicated. Note that the form of the cycle is different in the T-s and h-s representation; it is only for a perfect gas with constant specific heats that cycles in the two coordinate representations have the same shapes (a) p-v diagram T2 5? (b)T-s diagram (c)h-s diagram Figure 2B-6: Carnot cycle with two-phase medium. (a)cycle in P-v coordinates, (b)cycle in T- coordinates,(c)cycle in h-S coordinates The processes in the cycle are as follow i Start at state a with saturated liquid(all of mass in liquid condition). Carry out a reversible isothermal expansion to b(a b)until all the liquid is vaporized. During this process a quantity of heat qH per unit mass is received from the heat source at temperature T2 i) Reversible adiabatic(i. e, isentropic)expansion(b>c) lowers the temperature to T Generally state c will be in the region where there is both liquid and vapor 2B-82B-8 For the vapor dome, is there vapor and liquid inside the dome and outside is it just liquid or just gas? Is it interchangeable? Is it true for the plasma phase? (MP 2B.1) What is hfg ? How do we find it? (MP 2B.2) Reasoning behind the slopes for T=cst lines in the P-V diagram. (MP 2B.3) For a constant pressure heat addition, why is q=∆h? (MP 2B.4) What is latent heat? (MP 2B.5) Why is U a function of x? (MP 2B.6) 2.B.3 The Carnot Cycle as a Two-Phase Power Cycle A Carnot cycle that uses a two-phase fluid as the working medium is shown below in Figure 2B-6. Figure 2B-6a gives the cycle in P-v coordinates, 2B-6b in T-s coordinates, and 2B-6c in h-s coordinates. The boundary of the region in which there is liquid and vapor both present (the vapor dome) is also indicated. Note that the form of the cycle is different in the T-s and h-s representation; it is only for a perfect gas with constant specific heats that cycles in the two coordinate representations have the same shapes. a a b b c c d d e T T2 T2 T2 T1 T1 T1 s1 s2 s s h f g h a b d c p p2 p1 v (a) p-v diagram (b) T-s diagram (c) h-s diagram Figure 2B-6: Carnot cycle with two-phase medium. (a) cycle in P-v coordinates, (b) cycle in T-s coordinates, (c) cycle in h-s coordinates The processes in the cycle are as follows: i) Start at state a with saturated liquid (all of mass in liquid condition). Carry out a reversible isothermal expansion to b (a
b) until all the liquid is vaporized. During this process a quantity of heat qH per unit mass is received from the heat source at temperature T2 . ii) Reversible adiabatic (i.e., isentropic) expansion (b
c) lowers the temperature to T1. Generally state c will be in the region where there is both liquid and vapor