Eastern Europe: Red Delicious, Golden Delicious, Jonathan Arap Kisa( Cooking variety), Delicious Note: The more acid cooking varieties soften more readily when rehydrated, which can be an advantage. However, in practice, more dessert types are generally processed. This is mainly on account of their more symmetricalshape, which makes mechanical peeling easierand less wasteful Of the dessert varieties listed above, Delicious, both red and golden types, are the least suitable for processing, on account of their tendency to break downin Preparation and low acidity. However, they are grown more widely in America and Europe than almost any other dessert apple, and may be sed in seasons when there is a shortage of apples of higher acidity (3)Product Handling The apples are brought to the plant in field boxes and, if pesticides have been used in the orchards, it is necessary to tip the fruit into a washing tank, or subject it to water sprays. It is essential to grade the apples, and the more accurately this is done, the less waste will occur in peeling and trimming. The following table gives the approximate number of each grade of apples(by diameter)per kilogram Diameter Weight per fruit No per kg No per tonne in mm 14.286 14,286 11.765 11,765 115 8.696 8696 155 210 4.762 4,762 Subject to slight variation as between varieties. Peeling and Coring There are three options: (a) Hand peeling (b)Steam flash peel (c) Mechanical peeling With hand peeling a substantial labour force will be required, and this may only be viable with a small scale operation. With careful control and skilled operators, peeling losses can be as low as 33, Flash steam peeling can be carried out in a short immersion steam peeler operating at 17atm, and normally 15 seconds exposure time isEastern Europe: Red Delicious, Golden Delicious, Jonathan Turkey: Arap Kisa (Cooking variety), Delicious Note: The more acid cooking varieties soften more readily when rehydrated, which can be an advantage. However, in practice, more dessert types are generally processed. This is mainly on account of their more symmetrical shape, which makes mechanical peeling easier and less wasteful. Of the dessert varieties listed above, Delicious, both red and golden types, are the least suitable for processing, on account of their tendency to break down in preparation and low acidity. However, they are grown more widely in America and Europe than almost any other dessert apple, and may be used in seasons when there is a shortage of apples of higher acidity. (3) Product Handling The apples are brought to the plant in field boxes and, if pesticides have been used in the orchards, it is necessary to tip the fruit into a washing tank, or subject it to water sprays. It is essential to grade the apples, and the more accurately this is done, the less waste will occur in peeling and trimming. The following table gives the approximate number of each grade of apples (by diameter) per kilogram. Grading Diameter Weight per fruit No. per kg No. per tonne 50 70 14.286 14,286 60 85 11.765 11,765 70 115 8.696 8,696 80 155 6.452 6,452 90 210 4.762 4,762 in mm. in g Subject to slight variation as between varieties. Peeling and Coring There are three options: (a) Hand peeling ($)Steam flash peel (c) Mechanical peeling With hand peeling a substantial labour force will be required,and this may only be viable with a small scale operation. With careful control and skilled operators, peeling losses can be as low as 33-35 percent. Flash steam peeling can be carried out in a short immersion steam peeler operating at 17atm, and normally 15 seconds exposure time is I72