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D0I:10.13374/i.issnl001153.2009.11.037 第31卷第11期 北京科技大学学报 Vol.31 No.11 2009年11月 Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing Nov.2009 气液固变相态复杂渗流微观实验研究 朱维耀)孙玉凯) 燕良东3) 宋洪庆)胡永乐) 1)北京科技大学土木与环境工程学院，北京1000832)中国科学院广州地球化学研究所，广州510640 3)中国石油勘探开发研究院，北京100083 摘要利用微观可视化渗流实验对凝析气藏衰竭开发过程的反凝析过程中气一液固复杂流动的渗流规律进行研究，通过 高温、高压条件仿真微观可视化模型模拟地层凝析气液一固流动，直接观测凝析气、液、固（蜡）相的渗流特征和运移机理。给 出蜡沉积吸附和运移规律，孔隙介质中气一液固（蜡）流动规律，气、液、固（蜡）相变化和分布特征·归纳凝析油流动方式为携 带、贴壁爬行、界面流、脉冲流、段塞流、溪状流，连续流、小液滴随大液滴和液流汇聚的运移规律·提出蜡沉积吸附在多孔介质 表面。一种从气相中析出，直接以片状吸附在多孔介质表面·另一种是蜡在液相中以絮状物析出并影响液相流动·固相蜡析 出使孔隙结构发生变化，孔隙半径变小，出现气、液、固多相流动，流动阻力增大· 关键词蜡沉积：凝析液：吸附：运移：流动方式；流动特征 分类号TE357.4 Microscopical experimental investigation on complex flow with gas-liquid-solid phase change through porous media ZHU Wei yoo,SUN Yukai,YAN Liang-dong.SONG Hong qing,HU Yong-le) 1)Sehool of Civil and Environmental Engineering.University of Science Technology Beijing.Beijing 100083.China 2)Guangghou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences.Guangzhou 510640.China 3)Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development,Beijing 100083.China ABSTRACI An microscopical experimental method was brought out to study the flow law and flow rules of gas-liquid-sold complex flow in condensate reservoirs with wax deposition.Real porous media were modeled by the phantom micro"model with similar pore structure.The experiments were carried out in porous media at high temperature and high pressure to observe the forming.distribu- tion and flow rules of gas-liquid-sold complex flow.The results show the adsorption and migration laws of wax deposition.three-phase flow pattern.phase change and distribution characteristics of porous media.It is difficult to accumulate for the condensate in big pores.The flow mode of the condensate includes mainly eight styles:schlepping by gas,pulse flow,crawling along pore wall,inter- face flow.plug flow,rivulet flow.continuous flow.and little liquid droplets assembling with bigger liquid droplets and liquid flow. The results also indicate that wax deposition adsorbs at pore surfaces.Some is from gas phase and adsorbs on the surfaces of porous media with sheet,the other is from liquid phase with flock and affects the flow.Pore structures are affected by solid wax precipita- tion.The smaller the pore structure,the more the wax adsorption,and the resistance of the gas-liquid-solid flow increases. KEY WORDS wax deposition:condensate liquid:absorption:transport:flow pattern:flow feature 含蜡凝析气藏作为一种特殊的凝析气藏，其流 特性山.在开采过程中，储集孔隙结构会影响凝析 体渗流具有复杂性，表现在凝析气在露点压力和析 油的形成、分布及流动规律2可].文献对此现象记 蜡温度线下发生反凝析和蜡析出，凝析气的相态也 载很少，偶有描述也未提供详尽解释3].1973年 会随之发生转变，凝析气藏的相变特性会导致储集 Sigmund对凝析油气微观分布进行了实验研究，在 层内油气饱和度变化，从而影响和改变气体渗流的 微细玻璃珠填充模型中研究凝析油反蒸发时，发现 收稿日期：2009-01-07 基金项目：国家自然科学基金资助项目(N。.10772023):国家重点基础研究发展计划资助项目(Na.2007CB209506) 作者简介：朱维耀(1960一)，男，教授，博士生导师，E-mil:weiyaook@sina-com气－液－固变相态复杂渗流微观实验研究 朱维耀1） 孙玉凯2） 燕良东3） 宋洪庆1） 胡永乐3） 1） 北京科技大学土木与环境工程学院北京100083 2） 中国科学院广州地球化学研究所广州510640 3） 中国石油勘探开发研究院北京100083 摘 要 利用微观可视化渗流实验对凝析气藏衰竭开发过程的反凝析过程中气－液－固复杂流动的渗流规律进行研究通过 高温、高压条件仿真微观可视化模型模拟地层凝析气－液－固流动直接观测凝析气、液、固（蜡）相的渗流特征和运移机理．给 出蜡沉积吸附和运移规律孔隙介质中气－液－固（蜡）流动规律气、液、固（蜡）相变化和分布特征．归纳凝析油流动方式为携 带、贴壁爬行、界面流、脉冲流、段塞流、溪状流、连续流、小液滴随大液滴和液流汇聚的运移规律．提出蜡沉积吸附在多孔介质 表面．一种从气相中析出直接以片状吸附在多孔介质表面．另一种是蜡在液相中以絮状物析出并影响液相流动．固相蜡析 出使孔隙结构发生变化孔隙半径变小出现气、液、固多相流动流动阻力增大． 关键词 蜡沉积；凝析液；吸附；运移；流动方式；流动特征 分类号 T E357∙4 Microscopical experimental investigation on complex flow with gas-liquid-solid phase change through porous media ZHU We-i yao 1）SUN Y u-kai 2）Y A N Liang-dong 3）SONG Hong-qing 1）HU Yong-le 3） 1） School of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Science Technology BeijingBeijing100083China 2） Guangzhou Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510640China 3） Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and DevelopmentBeijing100083China ABSTRACT An microscopical experimental method was brought out to study the flow law and flow rules of gas-liquid-sold complex flow in condensate reservoirs with wax deposition．Real porous media were modeled by the phantom micro-model with similar pore structure．T he experiments were carried out in porous media at high temperature and high pressure to observe the formingdistribution and flow rules of gas-liquid-sold complex flow．T he results show the adsorption and migration laws of wax depositionthree-phase flow patternphase change and distribution characteristics of porous media．It is difficult to accumulate for the condensate in big pores．T he flow mode of the condensate includes mainly eight styles：schlepping by gaspulse flowcrawling along pore wallinterface flowplug flowrivulet flowcontinuous flowand little liquid droplets assembling with bigger liquid droplets and liquid flow． T he results also indicate that wax deposition adsorbs at pore surfaces．Some is from gas phase and adsorbs on the surfaces of porous media with sheetthe other is from liquid phase with flock and affects the flow．Pore structures are affected by solid wax precipitation．T he smaller the pore structurethe more the wax adsorptionand the resistance of the gas-liquid-solid flow increases． KEY WORDS wax deposition；condensate liquid；absorption；transport；flow pattern；flow feature 收稿日期：2009－01－07 基金项目：国家自然科学基金资助项目（No．10772023）；国家重点基础研究发展计划资助项目（No．2007CB209506） 作者简介：朱维耀（1960－）男教授博士生导师E-mail：weiyaook＠sina．com 含蜡凝析气藏作为一种特殊的凝析气藏其流 体渗流具有复杂性表现在凝析气在露点压力和析 蜡温度线下发生反凝析和蜡析出凝析气的相态也 会随之发生转变凝析气藏的相变特性会导致储集 层内油气饱和度变化从而影响和改变气体渗流的 特性［1］．在开采过程中储集孔隙结构会影响凝析 油的形成、分布及流动规律［2－15］．文献对此现象记 载很少偶有描述也未提供详尽解释［3－4］．1973年 Sigmund 对凝析油气微观分布进行了实验研究在 微细玻璃珠填充模型中研究凝析油反蒸发时发现 第31卷 第11期 2009年 11月 北 京 科 技 大 学 学 报 Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing Vol．31No．11 Nov．2009 DOI:10．13374／j．issn1001－053x．2009．11．037