D0:10.13374f.issn1001-053x.2012.02.012 第34卷第2期 北京科技大学学报 Vol.34 No.2 2012年2月 Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing Feb.2012 大型高炉合理炉缸冷却制度 宁晓钧四左海滨张建良杨天钧 北京科技大学治金与生态工程学院，北京100083 ☒通信作者，E-mail:ningxj(@ustb.cdu.cn 摘要合理的炉缸冷却制度是保证大型高炉长寿的基础，不同冷却制度对高炉炉缸的温度分布和侵蚀状况具有直接影响. 结合某4000m级高炉，根据传热学理论建立了高炉炉缸、炉底温度场物理模型和数学模型，通过数值模拟对“大水量、小温 差”和“小水量、大温差”这两种不同炉缸冷却制度进行了研究，分析了不同冷却制度对炉缸温度场、炉缸侵蚀状况及高炉寿命 的影响.结果表明，在炉役初期砖衬较厚时，不同冷却制度对炉内温度分布的影响区别不大：随着砖衬的不断减薄，不同冷却 制度对炉内温度分布的影响逐渐明显：当砖衬侵蚀到一定程度后，再好的冷却也无济于事，但采用“大水量、小温差”并加强冷 却可以减缓砖衬的侵蚀，延长高炉寿命 关键词高炉：炉缸；冷却系统：热流：数值模拟 分类号T℉549·.4 Rational cooling water system for a large blast furnace hearth NING Xiao-jun,ZUO Hai-bin,ZHANG Jian-iang,YANG Tian-jun School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering.University of Science and Technology Beijing.Beijing 100083.China Corresponding author.E-mail:ningxj@ustb.edu.cn ABSTRACT Since the temperature distribution and erosion of blast furnace hearth are directly affected by cooling system,a rational cooling water system is the assurance for long campaign life of large blast furnace.Combined with a 4000mblast furnace,physical and mathematical models of temperature fields of blast furnace hearth and bottom were built according to heat transfer theory.Two different hearth cooling systems,namely "low water capacity and large temperature difference"and "large water capacity and small temperature difference",are both investigated by modeling and numerical simulation.Effects of different cooling systems on hearth temperature field,hearth erosion and blast furnace life are also analyzed.The results indicate that during the initial period with thicker brick lining. effects of different cooling systems on blast furnace temperature distribution are nearly the same.As the brick lining gradually becomes thinner,different cooling systems have much different effects on temperature distribution.When the brick lining is eroded to a certain level,even the best cooling system is of no use,but "large water capacity and small temperature difference"and enhanced cooling measures will slow down the erosion and prolong the campaign life. KEY WORDS blast furnaces:hearths;cooling systems:heat flux;numerical simulation 随着炼铁技术的进步，高炉不断往大型化、长寿 繁，这严重影响到高炉的长寿和经济效益的提 化、节能和环保的方向发展.现代炼铁生产采用精 高 料、高压、高风温和喷吹燃料等强化冶炼措施，生铁 合理的炉缸炉底结构、良好的耐材质量和搭配 产量得到提高，炼铁焦比得到降低，与此同时，高炉 以及合理的冷却制度是保证高炉长寿的基础).炉 设备和炉身、炉缸炉底的工作负荷进一步加重. 缸炉底冷却的目标是，通过强化冷却，将铁水凝固线 由于高炉设计和砌筑的不足及缺乏有效的监控措 (1150℃)乃至碱金属和锌对高炉内衬起破坏作用 施，高炉的炉衬和冷却设备损坏加快，尤其是炉缸破 的温度(800~1030℃)向砖衬热端推移，以降低炉 损情况加剧，炉缸烧穿事故时有发生，高炉大中修频 衬温度，形成稳定的凝结渣铁保护层（结渣温度区 收稿日期：2010-11-25 基金项目：“十一五”国家科技支撑计划重大项目(2008BAB32BO5)第 34 卷 第 2 期 2012 年 2 月 北京科技大学学报 Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing Vol． 34 No． 2 Feb． 2012 大型高炉合理炉缸冷却制度 宁晓钧 左海滨 张建良 杨天钧 北京科技大学冶金与生态工程学院，北京 100083 通信作者，E-mail: ningxj@ ustb． edu． cn 摘 要 合理的炉缸冷却制度是保证大型高炉长寿的基础，不同冷却制度对高炉炉缸的温度分布和侵蚀状况具有直接影响． 结合某 4 000 m3 级高炉，根据传热学理论建立了高炉炉缸、炉底温度场物理模型和数学模型，通过数值模拟对“大水量、小温 差”和“小水量、大温差”这两种不同炉缸冷却制度进行了研究，分析了不同冷却制度对炉缸温度场、炉缸侵蚀状况及高炉寿命 的影响． 结果表明，在炉役初期砖衬较厚时，不同冷却制度对炉内温度分布的影响区别不大; 随着砖衬的不断减薄，不同冷却 制度对炉内温度分布的影响逐渐明显; 当砖衬侵蚀到一定程度后，再好的冷却也无济于事，但采用“大水量、小温差”并加强冷 却可以减缓砖衬的侵蚀，延长高炉寿命． 关键词 高炉; 炉缸; 冷却系统; 热流; 数值模拟 分类号 TF549 + . 4 Rational cooling water system for a large blast furnace hearth NING Xiao-jun ，ZUO Hai-bin，ZHANG Jian-liang，YANG Tian-jun School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering，University of Science and Technology Beijing，Beijing 100083，China Corresponding author，E-mail: ningxj@ ustb． edu． cn ABSTRACT Since the temperature distribution and erosion of blast furnace hearth are directly affected by cooling system，a rational cooling water system is the assurance for long campaign life of large blast furnace． Combined with a 4000 m3 blast furnace，physical and mathematical models of temperature fields of blast furnace hearth and bottom were built according to heat transfer theory． Two different hearth cooling systems，namely“low water capacity and large temperature difference”and“large water capacity and small temperature difference”，are both investigated by modeling and numerical simulation． Effects of different cooling systems on hearth temperature field，hearth erosion and blast furnace life are also analyzed． The results indicate that during the initial period with thicker brick lining， effects of different cooling systems on blast furnace temperature distribution are nearly the same． As the brick lining gradually becomes thinner，different cooling systems have much different effects on temperature distribution． When the brick lining is eroded to a certain level，even the best cooling system is of no use，but“large water capacity and small temperature difference”and enhanced cooling measures will slow down the erosion and prolong the campaign life． KEY WORDS blast furnaces; hearths; cooling systems; heat flux; numerical simulation 收稿日期: 2010--11--25 基金项目: “十一五”国家科技支撑计划重大项目( 2008BAB32B05) 随着炼铁技术的进步，高炉不断往大型化、长寿 化、节能和环保的方向发展． 现代炼铁生产采用精 料、高压、高风温和喷吹燃料等强化冶炼措施，生铁 产量得到提高，炼铁焦比得到降低，与此同时，高炉 设备和炉身、炉缸炉底的工作负荷进一步加重［1］． 由于高炉设计和砌筑的不足及缺乏有效的监控措 施，高炉的炉衬和冷却设备损坏加快，尤其是炉缸破 损情况加剧，炉缸烧穿事故时有发生，高炉大中修频 繁，这严重影响到高炉的长寿和经济效益的提 高［2］． 合理的炉缸炉底结构、良好的耐材质量和搭配 以及合理的冷却制度是保证高炉长寿的基础［3］． 炉 缸炉底冷却的目标是，通过强化冷却，将铁水凝固线 ( 1 150 ℃ ) 乃至碱金属和锌对高炉内衬起破坏作用 的温度( 800 ～ 1 030 ℃ ) 向砖衬热端推移，以降低炉 衬温度，形成稳定的凝结渣铁保护层( 结渣温度区 DOI:10.13374/j.issn1001-053x.2012.02.012