Team 2056 Page 6 of 50 collisions where passengers have to leave their seats to make way for passengers assigned seats closer to the windows. Ultimately, con- gestion disrupts the smooth How of passengers to their seats and prolongs boarding Successful boarding sequences not only minimize congestion but also llow passengers access to different parts of the plane in parallel that many passengers can stow their luggage and find their seats at the same time. In addition, these sequences must also be sufficiently robust to accommodate stochastic variability in boarding While it is not difficult to develop solutions that specify the boarding and deplaning sequence of each passenger, such solutions are difficult to implement. Appropriate treatment of the problem calls for careful and balanced analyses that weigh the practicality of implementa- tion, performance and variability 1.2 Survey of Previous Research 1.2.1 Discrete Random process In an article by Bachmat et al., the group proposed a discrete ing process in which passengers are assigned seats before boar The input to the process is an index for the position of each passen- ger in the queue and a seat assignment for each passenger. Addi- tionally, the researchers defined the aisle space that each passenger occupies, the time it takes to clear the aisle once the designated row is reached. and the distance between consecutive rows The former two parameters were sampled from distributions defined by the re- searcher The model considers the travel path of each passenger. The pas- senger moves as far down the aisle as they can until they reach obstacle, which is either the back of a queue or a person who is preparing to sit in their row. Passengers who arrive at their row clear the aisle after a delay time. The passengers behind them con tinue on their journey down the aisle once this delay time is over An important component of this process is that passengers may have to wait for other passengers to stow away luggage before being free to progress to their own seats. It follows that passengers can block other passengers, thus resulting in the formation of a queueTeam 2056 Page 6 of 50 collisions where passengers have to leave their seats to make way for passengers assigned seats closer to the windows. Ultimately, con￾gestion disrupts the smooth flow of passengers to their seats and prolongs boarding. Successful boarding sequences not only minimize congestion but also allow passengers access to different parts of the plane in parallel, so that many passengers can stow their luggage and find their seats at the same time. In addition, these sequences must also be sufficiently robust to accommodate stochastic variability in boarding. While it is not difficult to develop solutions that specify the boarding and deplaning sequence of each passenger, such solutions are difficult to implement. Appropriate treatment of the problem calls for careful and balanced analyses that weigh the practicality of implementa￾tion, performance and variability. 1.2 Survey of Previous Research 1.2.1 Discrete Random Process In an article by Bachmat et al., the group proposed a discrete board￾ing process in which passengers are assigned seats before boarding. The input to the process is an index for the position of each passen￾ger in the queue and a seat assignment for each passenger. Addi￾tionally, the researchers defined the aisle space that each passenger occupies, the time it takes to clear the aisle once the designated row is reached, and the distance between consecutive rows. The former two parameters were sampled from distributions defined by the re￾searchers. The model considers the travel path of each passenger. The pas￾senger moves as far down the aisle as they can until they reach an obstacle, which is either the back of a queue or a person who is preparing to sit in their row. Passengers who arrive at their row clear the aisle after a delay time. The passengers behind them con￾tinue on their journey down the aisle once this delay time is over. An important component of this process is that passengers may have to wait for other passengers to stow away luggage before being free to progress to their own seats. It follows that passengers can block other passengers, thus resulting in the formation of a queue