Culture-independent Techniques for Profiling Human Gut Microbiota o Techniques based on sequence divergences of the 16S rRNA gene Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism(T-RFLp Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE TGGE Fluorescence in situ hybridization( FISH) DNA microarrays High-throughput sequencing o Techniques based on whole genome sequencing DNA-seq(metagenome sequencing RNA-seq (metatranscriptome sequencingCulture-independent Techniques for Profiling Human Gut Microbiota  Techniques based on sequence divergences of the 16S rRNA gene  Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP)  Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE & TGGE)  Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)  DNA microarrays  High-throughput sequencing  Techniques based on whole genome sequencing  DNA-seq (metagenome sequencing)  RNA-seq (metatranscriptome sequencing)