工程科学学报，第41卷，第5期：652-661,2019年5月 Chinese Journal of Engineering,Vol.41,No.5:652-661,May 2019 D0L:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2019.05.012;htp:/journals.usth.edu.cm 电场驱动熔融喷射沉积高分辨率3D打印 赵佳伟)，兰红波)区，杨昆”，彭子龙”，李涤尘2) 1)青岛理工大学青岛市3D打印工程研究中心，青岛266033 2)西安交通大学机械制造系统工程国家重点实验室，西安710049 区通信作者，E-mail:hblan99@126.com 摘要针对传统熔融沉积成型面临的成型精度低和打印材料受限，基于电流体动力熔融沉积在成形高度、材料种类、基板 导电性和平整性，3D成形能力等方面的不足和局限性，本研究提出一种电场驱动熔融喷射沉积3D打印新工艺，其采用双加 热集成式喷头并施加单极脉冲高电压（单电势），利用电场驱动微量热熔融材料喷射并精准沉积来形成高分辨率结构.引入 两种新的打印模式：脉冲锥射流模式和连续锥射流模式，拓展了可供打印材料的种类和范围.通过理论分析、数值模拟和实验 研究，揭示了所提出工艺的成形机理、作用机制以及成形规律.利用提出的电场驱动熔融喷射沉积3D打印方法，结合优化工 艺参数，完成了三个典型工程案例，即大尺寸微尺度模具、大高宽比微结构、宏微跨尺度组织支架和网格三维结构.其中采用 内径250μm喷头，打印出最小线宽4μm线栅结构，高宽比达到25：1薄壁圆环微结构.结果表明，电场驱动熔融喷射沉积高分 辨率3D打印具有打印分辨率高、材料普适性广、宏/微跨尺度的突出优势，为实现低成本、高分辨率熔融沉积3D打印提供了 一种全新的解决方案. 关键词高分辨3D打印：电场驱动喷射：双加热喷头：熔融沉积成型：微纳增材制造 分类号TH164 High-resolution fused deposition 3D printing based on electric-field-driven jet ZHAO Jia-wei),LAN Hong-bo,YANG Kun),PENG Zi-long),LI Di-chen2) 1)Qindao Engineering Research Center for 3D Printing,Qingdao University of Technology,Qingdao 266033,China 2)State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering,Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an 710049,China Corresponding author,E-mail:hblan99@126.com ABSTRACT The existing fused deposition modeling FDM)technique faces disadvantages of low resolution and limited printable materials;meanwhile the E-jet-based fused deposition method confronts limitations associated with the formation height,material type, conductivity,and flatness of the substrate,and the 3D forming ability.Herein,a new technology called electric-field-driven fused-jet deposition 3D printing was proposed.In the proposed technology.a dual-heated integrated nozzle connected to a single positive-pulse high voltage single potential)was used to eject and precisely deposit a small amount of molten material to form a high-resolution struc- ture based on the drive of the electric field force.Two novel printing modes,the continuous-cone and pulse-cone jet modes,were developed to broaden the range of printable materials using the proposed technique.The mechanism and rules of formation for the pro- posed process were systematically investigated via theoretical analysis,numerical simulation,and experimental verification.Using opti- mized process parameters and the proposed electric-field-driven fused-jet deposition 3D printing method,three typical cases,including a large micro-scale mold,a high-aspect-ratio micros-scale structure,a macro-micro-scale tissue scaffold,and a three-dimensional grid structure were fabricated.Outstanding results were obtained,including the printing of a wire grid structure with a minimum line width of 4 pm and a thin-walled ring microstructure with an aspect ratio of 25:1 using a nozzle with an inner diameter of 250 um.The experi- mental results demonstrate that the proposed electric-field-driven fused-jet-deposition 3D printing method is a promising and effective 收稿日期：2018-07-11 基金项目：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51775288,51875300)：山东省重点研发计划资助项目(2018GGX103022)工程科学学报,第 41 卷,第 5 期:652鄄鄄661,2019 年 5 月 Chinese Journal of Engineering, Vol. 41, No. 5: 652鄄鄄661, May 2019 DOI: 10. 13374 / j. issn2095鄄鄄9389. 2019. 05. 012; http: / / journals. ustb. edu. cn 电场驱动熔融喷射沉积高分辨率 3D 打印 赵佳伟1) , 兰红波1)苣 , 杨 昆1) , 彭子龙1) , 李涤尘2) 1)青岛理工大学青岛市 3D 打印工程研究中心, 青岛 266033 2)西安交通大学机械制造系统工程国家重点实验室, 西安 710049 苣通信作者, E鄄mail: hblan99@ 126. com 摘 要 针对传统熔融沉积成型面临的成型精度低和打印材料受限,基于电流体动力熔融沉积在成形高度、材料种类、基板 导电性和平整性、3D 成形能力等方面的不足和局限性,本研究提出一种电场驱动熔融喷射沉积 3D 打印新工艺,其采用双加 热集成式喷头并施加单极脉冲高电压(单电势),利用电场驱动微量热熔融材料喷射并精准沉积来形成高分辨率结构. 引入 两种新的打印模式:脉冲锥射流模式和连续锥射流模式,拓展了可供打印材料的种类和范围. 通过理论分析、数值模拟和实验 研究,揭示了所提出工艺的成形机理、作用机制以及成形规律. 利用提出的电场驱动熔融喷射沉积 3D 打印方法,结合优化工 艺参数,完成了三个典型工程案例,即大尺寸微尺度模具、大高宽比微结构、宏微跨尺度组织支架和网格三维结构. 其中采用 内径 250 滋m 喷头,打印出最小线宽 4 滋m 线栅结构,高宽比达到 25颐 1薄壁圆环微结构. 结果表明,电场驱动熔融喷射沉积高分 辨率 3D 打印具有打印分辨率高、材料普适性广、宏/ 微跨尺度的突出优势,为实现低成本、高分辨率熔融沉积 3D 打印提供了 一种全新的解决方案. 关键词 高分辨 3D 打印; 电场驱动喷射; 双加热喷头; 熔融沉积成型; 微纳增材制造 分类号 TH164 收稿日期: 2018鄄鄄07鄄鄄11 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目(51775288, 51875300); 山东省重点研发计划资助项目(2018GGX103022) High鄄resolution fused deposition 3D printing based on electric鄄field鄄driven jet ZHAO Jia鄄wei 1) , LAN Hong鄄bo 1)苣 , YANG Kun 1) , PENG Zi鄄long 1) , LI Di鄄chen 2) 1) Qindao Engineering Research Center for 3D Printing,Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China 2) State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi蒺an Jiaotong University, Xi蒺an 710049, China 苣Corresponding author, E鄄mail:hblan99@ 126. com ABSTRACT The existing fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique faces disadvantages of low resolution and limited printable materials; meanwhile the E鄄jet鄄based fused deposition method confronts limitations associated with the formation height, material type, conductivity, and flatness of the substrate,and the 3D forming ability. Herein, a new technology called electric鄄field鄄driven fused鄄jet deposition 3D printing was proposed. In the proposed technology, a dual鄄heated integrated nozzle connected to a single positive鄄pulse high voltage (single potential) was used to eject and precisely deposit a small amount of molten material to form a high鄄resolution struc鄄 ture based on the drive of the electric field force. Two novel printing modes, the continuous鄄cone and pulse鄄cone jet modes, were developed to broaden the range of printable materials using the proposed technique. The mechanism and rules of formation for the pro鄄 posed process were systematically investigated via theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and experimental verification. Using opti鄄 mized process parameters and the proposed electric鄄field鄄driven fused鄄jet deposition 3D printing method, three typical cases, including a large micro鄄scale mold, a high鄄aspect鄄ratio micros鄄scale structure, a macro鄄鄄micro鄄scale tissue scaffold, and a three鄄dimensional grid structure were fabricated. Outstanding results were obtained, including the printing of a wire grid structure with a minimum line width of 4 滋m and a thin鄄walled ring microstructure with an aspect ratio of 25颐 1 using a nozzle with an inner diameter of 250 滋m. The experi鄄 mental results demonstrate that the proposed electric鄄field鄄driven fused鄄jet鄄deposition 3D printing method is a promising and effective