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"..culture is the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one group or society from those of another."(G.Hofstede,1984) "Culture is a mental set of windows through which all of life is viewed.It varies from individual to individual within a society,but it shares important characteristics with members of a society."(L.Beamer&I.Varner,1995) It is believed that culture evolved to serve the basic need of laying out a predictable world in which each of us is firmly grounded and thus enable us to make sense of our surroundings.Thus,the influence of culture becomes habitual and subconscious and makes life easier,just as breathing,walking and other functions of the body are relegated to subconscious controls,freeing the conscious parts of the brain of this burden and releasing it for other activities. In addition to making the world a less perplexing place,cultures have become people's primary means of satisfying three types of needs:basic needs(food,shelter, physical protection),derived needs (organization of work,distribution of food, defense,social control),and integrative needs(psychological security,social harmony purpose in life).Each culture offers its people a number of options for satisfying any particular human need.Some of these options are widely shared across cultures,but many others are not.In other words,ends in themselves are far more universal than the roads taken to achieve those ends since the roads are determined locally in the specific culture.“…culture is the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one group or society from those of another.”(G. Hofstede, 1984) “Culture is a mental set of windows through which all of life is viewed. It varies from individual to individual within a society, but it shares important characteristics with members of a society.” (L. Beamer& I. Varner, 1995) It is believed that culture evolved to serve the basic need of laying out a predictable world in which each of us is firmly grounded and thus enable us to make sense of our surroundings. Thus, the influence of culture becomes habitual and subconscious and makes life easier, just as breathing, walking and other functions of the body are relegated to subconscious controls, freeing the conscious parts of the brain of this burden and releasing it for other activities. In addition to making the world a less perplexing place, cultures have become people’s primary means of satisfying three types of needs: basic needs (food, shelter, physical protection), derived needs (organization of work, distribution of food, defense, social control), and integrative needs (psychological security, social harmony, purpose in life). Each culture offers its people a number of options for satisfying any particular human need. Some of these options are widely shared across cultures, but many others are not. In other words, ends in themselves are far more universal than the roads taken to achieve those ends since the roads are determined locally in the specific culture
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