CIVL439/WOOD476 2003 Group effects Group effects in bolted connections 55℃ End distance effect Group effects in bolted connections Loaded end distance factor Row factor J=1.0 for e=10d Jg=1.0 for I row =0.75 for e=7d =0.8 for 2 rows(2or more bolts in row) Load -0.6 for 3 rows (2 or more bolts in row) 000 Displacement 000 Group effects Lag Screws Similar to single shear bolt connection Use Johansen yield model Penetration length main member thickness 6 CIVL439 / WOOD476 2003 6 Group effects Auditorium University of Northern BC Prince George Group effects in bolted connections Factor to account for no. of bolts in a row JG = 0.33 (l/d)0.5 (s/d)0.2 N-0.3 < 1.0 End distance effect Loaded end distance factor JL = 1.0 for e = 10d = 0.75 for e = 7d Load Displacement e > 10d e = 10d e = 7d Group effects in bolted connections Row factor JR = 1.0 for 1 row = 0.8 for 2 rows (2 or more bolts in row) = 0.6 for 3 rows (2 or more bolts in row) Group effects Lag Screws  Similar to single shear bolt connection  Use Johansen yield model • Penetration length = main member thickness Also have substantial withdrawal resistance (Prw)