Y.-Y. Ma et aL / Engineering Failure Analysis 47(2015)162-177 177 [22] Wahab MA, Alam MS. The significance of weld imperfections and surface peening on fatigue crack propagation life of butt-welded joints. J Mater rocess Technol 2004: 153-154: 931-7. [23I Kim IT. Yamada K, Kainuma S Fatigue behavior of butt welded joints containing inclined lack of penetration. Structural Eng /Earthquake Eng jScE 001:18(1):53-62 [24 Sanders w. Lawrence FV Fatigue behaviour of aluminium alloy weldments. In: Hoeppner Dw, editor. Fatigue testing of weldments, ASTM STP 648: 1978.p.22-3 [25] Nowacki J. Rybicki P. The influence of welding heat input on submerged are welded duplex steel joints imperfections. J Mater Process Technol 2005:164-165:1082-8. I Bemasovsky ). Orszakova T. Zacek ] KudliCka. The effect of welding and repairs on the properties of duplex stainless steel. Welding 1995: 5: 3. [271 Karadeniz Erdal, Ozsarac Ugur, Yildiz Ceyhan. The effect of process parameters on penetration in gas metal arc welding processes. Mater Des [28] ISo 9692-1(2003) Welding and allied processes-recommendations for joint preparation-part 1: manual metal-arc welding, gas-shielded metal-arc welding, gas welding, TiG welding and beam welding of steels. [29] Muthupandi V, Bala Srinivasan P, Seshadri SK, Sundaresan S Effect of weld metal chemistry and heat input on the structure and properties of duplex ainless steel welds. Mater Sci Eng A 2003: 358: 9-1 dstrom R Austenite reformation in the heat-affected zone of duplex stainless steel 2205. Eng Fract Mech A 2006: 73: 377-90. [31 Kordatos JD, Fourlaris G, Papadimitriou G. The effect of cooling rate on the mechanical and corrosion properties of SAF 2205(UNS 31803)duplex tainless steel welds. Scripta Mater 2001: 44 32] Sieurin H, Sandstrom R. Austenite reformation in the heat-affected zone of duplex stainless steel 2205. Mater Sci Eng A 2006: 418(1): 250-6. [33] Adams Jr CM. Cooling rates and peal eratures in fusion welding. Welding 1958: 37(5):210s-5s. [34 Badji R, Bouabdallah M, Bacroix B, et al. Phase transformation and mechanical behavior in annealed 2205 duplex stainless steel welds. Mater Charact 2008:59(4):447-5 [35 Paris P, Erdogan F A critical analysis of crack propagation law. J Basic Eng 1963: 85: 528-34 I Forman RG, Kearney VE, Engle RM. Numerical analysis of crack propagation in a cyclically loaded structure. ASME TransJ Basic Eng 1967: 89D: 459. [37] Singh Pl, Achar DRG, Guha B, Nordberg H. Fatigue life prediction of gas tungsten arc welded AISI 304L cruciform joints with different LOP size. Int Fatigue2003:25:1-7[22] Wahab MA, Alam MS. The significance of weld imperfections and surface peening on fatigue crack propagation life of butt-welded joints. J Mater Process Technol 2004;153–154:931–7. [23] Kim IT, Yamada K, Kainuma S. Fatigue behavior of butt welded joints containing inclined lack of penetration. Structural Eng /Earthquake Eng JSCE 2001;18(1):53–62. [24] Sanders W, Lawrence FV. Fatigue behaviour of aluminium alloy weldments. In: Hoeppner DW, editor. Fatigue testing of weldments, ASTM STP 648; 1978, p. 22–34. [25] Nowacki J, Rybicki P. The influence of welding heat input on submerged arc welded duplex steel joints imperfections. J Mater Process Technol 2005;164–165:1082–8. [26] Bernasovsky´ J, Orszáková T, Zˇácˇek J, Kudlicˇka. The effect of welding and repairs on the properties of duplex stainless steel. Welding 1995;5:3. [27] Karadeniz Erdal, Ozsarac Ugur, Yildiz Ceyhan. The effect of process parameters on penetration in gas metal arc welding processes. Mater Des 2007;28:649–56. [28] ISO 9692-1 (2003), Welding and allied processes-recommendations for joint preparation-part 1: manual metal-arc welding, gas-shielded metal-arc welding, gas welding, TIG welding and beam welding of steels. [29] Muthupandi V, Bala Srinivasan P, Seshadri SK, Sundaresan S. Effect of weld metal chemistry and heat input on the structure and properties of duplex stainless steel welds. Mater Sci Eng A 2003;358:9–16. [30] Sieurin H, Sandström R. Austenite reformation in the heat-affected zone of duplex stainless steel 2205. Eng Fract Mech A 2006;73:377–90. [31] Kordatos JD, Fourlaris G, Papadimitriou G. The effect of cooling rate on the mechanical and corrosion properties of SAF 2205 (UNS 31803) duplex stainless steel welds. Scripta Mater 2001;44(3):401–8. [32] Sieurin H, Sandström R. Austenite reformation in the heat-affected zone of duplex stainless steel 2205. Mater Sci Eng A 2006;418(1):250–6. [33] Adams Jr CM. Cooling rates and peak temperatures in fusion welding. Welding J 1958;37(5):210s–5s. [34] Badji R, Bouabdallah M, Bacroix B, et al. Phase transformation and mechanical behavior in annealed 2205 duplex stainless steel welds. Mater Charact 2008;59(4):447–53. [35] Paris P, Erdogan F. A critical analysis of crack propagation law. J Basic Eng 1963;85:528–34. [36] Forman RG, Kearney VE, Engle RM. Numerical analysis of crack propagation in a cyclically loaded structure. ASME Trans J Basic Eng 1967;89D:459. [37] Singh PJ, Achar DRG, Guha B, Nordberg H. Fatigue life prediction of gas tungsten arc welded AISI 304L cruciform joints with different LOP size. Int J Fatigue 2003;25:1–7. Y.-Y. Ma et al. / Engineering Failure Analysis 47 (2015) 162–177 177