Some examples 1-phenyr2-propanone czw3-methyicycloheranecar aldehyde pentanediol 3ethyl-4-pentenal Reactions of aldehydes Ketones The Grignard Reaction: The reaction of an alkyl, aryl or vinyl halide with magnesium metal in ether solvent, produces an organometallic complex of uncertain structure, but which behaves as if it has the structure r-Mg-X and is commonly referred to as a Grignard Reagent. ether R→x+Mg R-Mgx R=1°2°,or3°akyl, aryl or vinyl X=C1. Br or I R-MoX The R" group in this complex (alkyl, aryl or vinyl), acts as if it was a stabilized carbanion and Grignard reagents react with water and other compounds containing acidic hydrogens to give hydrocarbons (just as would be expected for a well-behaved, highly basic carbanion). In the absence of acidic hydrogens, the Grignard reagent can function as a powerful nucleophile, and is most often used in addition reactions involving carbony l compounds, as shown above. The product of these addition reactions is typically a secondary or tertiary alcohol (primary alcohols can be formed by reaction with formaldehyde), as shown in the examples below; in these the carbonyl and halide portions of the molecules have been colored blue and red, respectively, to assist in understanding the component parts of the final productSome Examples: Reactions of Aldehydes & Ketones The Grignard Reaction: The reaction of an alkyl, aryl or vinyl halide with magnesium metal in ether solvent, produces an organometallic complex of uncertain structure, but which behaves as if it has the structure R-Mg-X and is commonly referred to as a Grignard Reagent. The "R" group in this complex (alkyl, aryl or vinyl), acts as if it was a stabilized carbanion and Grignard reagents react with water and other compounds containing acidic hydrogens to give hydrocarbons (just as would be expected for a well-behaved, highly basic carbanion). In the absence of acidic hydrogens, the Grignard reagent can function as a powerful nucleophile, and is most often used in addition reactions involving carbonyl compounds, as shown above. The product of these addition reactions is typically a secondary or tertiary alcohol (primary alcohols can be formed by reaction with formaldehyde), as shown in the examples below; in these the carbonyl and halide portions of the molecules have been colored blue and red, respectively, to assist in understanding the component parts of the final products