Physical Chemistry Material Equilibrium aM aN、02za ON Oy croy axa du e tds- pdv S dh= tds t vdP aP S a示 P C da=-sdt- pdv dg=-sdt+ dP T PPhysical Chemistry Material Equilibrium dG = -SdT + VdP dA = -SdT - PdV dH = TdS + VdP dU = TdS - PdV S S P V P T        =          V V S T S P        =      −     T T V P V S        =          T T P V P S        = −          ( ) ( ) x y M N y x   =   2 2 ( ) , ( ) x y M z N z y x y x x y     = =      