1 Genes are dna 15 Transposons 2 From genes to genomes 16 Retroviruses and retroposons 3 How many genes are there? 17 Rearrangement of DNA 4 Clusters and repeats 18 Chromosomes 5 Messenger RNA 19 Nucleosomes Protein synthesi 20 Initiation of transcription 7 Using the genetic code 21 Regulation of transcription 8 Protein localization 22 Nuclear splicing and RNA processing 9 Transcription 23 Catalytic RNA 10 The Operon 24 Immune diversity 11 Phage strategies 25 Protein trafficking 12 The replicon 26 Signal transduction 13 DNA replication 27 Cell cycle and growth regulation 14 Recombination and repair 28 Oncogenes and cancer 29 Gradients, cascades, and signaling pathwaysGenes VII Contents 1 Genes are DNA 15 Transposons 2 From genes to genomes 16 Retroviruses and retroposons 3 How many genes are there? 17 Rearrangement of DNA 4 Clusters and repeats 18 Chromosomes 5 Messenger RNA 19 Nucleosomes 6 Protein synthesis 20 Initiation of transcription 7 Using the genetic code 21 Regulation of transcription 8 Protein localization 22 Nuclear splicing and RNA processing 9 Transcription 23 Catalytic RNA 10 The Operon 24 Immune diversity 11 Phage strategies 25 Protein trafficking 12 The replicon 26 Signal transduction 13 DNA replication 27 Cell cycle and growth regulation 14 Recombination and repair 28 Oncogenes and cancer 29 Gradients, cascades, and signaling pathways