D0I:10.13374/i.issnl001t03.2008.0L.017 第30卷第1期 北京科技大学学报 Vol.30 No.1 2008年1月 Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing Jan.2008 碳含量和组织类型对低合金钢耐蚀性的影响 李少坡郭佳杨善武贺信莱 北京科技大学材料科学与工程学院，北京100083 摘要研究了不同碳含量和显微组织的低合金钢的耐腐蚀性能和腐蚀行为，并与商业耐候钢O9 CuPCrNi进行了相应的比 较.·通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜观察，轧后水冷钢的主体组织为板条状贝氏体，轧后空冷钢为针状铁素体、粒状贝氏体、M/A 小岛和少量渗碳体（珠光体）的混合物·用干湿循环加速腐蚀实验对耐蚀性测定结果表明：低碳钢(0.03%C)和轧后水冷的较 高碳含量钢(0.1%C)的耐蚀性均明显优于09 CuPCrNi:低碳含量钢的组织类型对其耐蚀性影响不大；较高碳含量情况下，单相 贝氏体钢的耐蚀性优于由铁素体、渗碳体（珠光体）等构成的复相组织钢：轧后水冷时，不同碳含量的钢耐蚀性差别不大：轧后 空冷时，低碳含量钢的耐蚀性优于较高碳含量钢.用扫描电镜对锈层进行观察，可以看出耐蚀性较好的样品在腐蚀后期形成 了致密的内锈层· 关键词低碳贝氏体钢：碳含量；组织类型：耐蚀性：周浸 分类号TG142.1+1 Effect of carbon content and microstructure on the corrosion resistance of low al- loy steels LI Shaopo.GUO Jia,YANG Shanwu,HE Xinlai School of Materials Science and Engineering.University of Science and Technology Beijing.Beijing 100083.China ABSTRACI The corrosion resistance and corrosion behavior of low alloy steels with different carbon contents and different mi- crostructures were investigated and compared with a commercial weathering steel 09CuPCrNi.Optical microscopy and SEM were em- ployed to examine the microstructures of these steels.It was revealed that the dominant microstructure in the steel cooled in water af- ter rolling is lath-like bainite while the microstructure in the steel cooled in air after rolling is the mixture of acicular ferrite.granular bainite.M/A islands and little cementite (pearlite).Cyclic wet-dry test was carried out to evaluate the corrosion resistance of these steels.The results indicate that the corrosion resistance of the low carbon steel with 0.03%C or 0.1%C.which was cooled in water after rolling,excels that of 09CuPCrNi steel.Provided with low carbon content,the influence of microstructure on the corrosion re- sistance of the tested steel is not obvious.With a higher carbon content.the bainitic steel with single phase exhibits a higher corrosion resistance than multi-phase steel constituted by ferrite and cementite(pearlite).No marked distinction can be detected in the corro- sion resistance of the steels with different carbon contents when they were cooled in water after rolling.When cooled in air after rolling,the steel with low carbon content exhibits a higher corrosion resistance than the steel with a higher carbon content.Through observations on rust layers with SEM.it can be found that a compact inner rust layer forms in the specimen with excellent corrosion resistance after long corrosion. KEY WORDS low carbon bainitic steel:carbon content:microstructure:corrosion resistance:cyclic wet-dry test 钢铁材料的大规模应用对钢板质量提出了更高 钢的力学性能，但会使其焊接性能下降山.为改善 的要求，特别是要在提高力学性能的同时要求钢板 焊接性能，钢中碳含量需大幅度下降，低碳贝氏体钢 具有优良的耐腐蚀能力，碳及其他合金元素能提高 的发展，使这种趋势更为明显)，从目前国内外研 究看，对耐蚀性的工作着重在成分影响[).一般文 收稿日期：2006-10-18修回日期：2006-12-14 基金项目：国家重点基础研究发展计划资助项目(N 献认为：P、Si,Cr、Cu、Co、Ni等元素可提高钢的耐蚀 2004CB619102) 性可]，碳含量在腐蚀初期没有明显影响，在腐蚀后 作者简介：李少坡(1980-)男，硕士研究生：贺信莱(1938一)男，教 期随着碳含量增加腐蚀速率也增加).但有关显微 授碳含量和组织类型对低合金钢耐蚀性的影响 李少坡 郭 佳 杨善武 贺信莱 北京科技大学材料科学与工程学院‚北京100083 摘 要 研究了不同碳含量和显微组织的低合金钢的耐腐蚀性能和腐蚀行为‚并与商业耐候钢09CuPCrNi 进行了相应的比 较．通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜观察‚轧后水冷钢的主体组织为板条状贝氏体‚轧后空冷钢为针状铁素体、粒状贝氏体、M／A 小岛和少量渗碳体（珠光体）的混合物．用干湿循环加速腐蚀实验对耐蚀性测定结果表明：低碳钢（0∙03％C）和轧后水冷的较 高碳含量钢（0∙1％C）的耐蚀性均明显优于09CuPCrNi；低碳含量钢的组织类型对其耐蚀性影响不大；较高碳含量情况下‚单相 贝氏体钢的耐蚀性优于由铁素体、渗碳体（珠光体）等构成的复相组织钢；轧后水冷时‚不同碳含量的钢耐蚀性差别不大；轧后 空冷时‚低碳含量钢的耐蚀性优于较高碳含量钢．用扫描电镜对锈层进行观察‚可以看出耐蚀性较好的样品在腐蚀后期形成 了致密的内锈层． 关键词 低碳贝氏体钢；碳含量；组织类型；耐蚀性；周浸 分类号 TG142∙1＋1 Effect of carbon content and microstructure on the corrosion resistance of low al￾loy steels LI Shaopo‚GUO Jia‚Y A NG Shanw u‚HE Xinlai School of Materials Science and Engineering‚University of Science and Technology Beijing‚Beijing100083‚China ABSTRACT T he corrosion resistance and corrosion behavior of low alloy steels with different carbon contents and different mi￾crostructures were investigated and compared with a commercial weathering steel09CuPCrNi．Optical microscopy and SEM were em￾ployed to examine the microstructures of these steels．It was revealed that the dominant microstructure in the steel cooled in water af￾ter rolling is lath-like bainite while the microstructure in the steel cooled in air after rolling is the mixture of acicular ferrite‚granular bainite‚M／A islands and little cementite （pearlite）．Cyclic wet-dry test was carried out to evaluate the corrosion resistance of these steels．T he results indicate that the corrosion resistance of the low carbon steel with0∙03％ C or0∙1％ C‚which was cooled in water after rolling‚excels that of 09CuPCrNi steel．Provided with low carbon content‚the influence of microstructure on the corrosion re￾sistance of the tested steel is not obvious．With a higher carbon content‚the bainitic steel with single phase exhibits a higher corrosion resistance than mult-i phase steel constituted by ferrite and cementite （pearlite）．No marked distinction can be detected in the corro￾sion resistance of the steels with different carbon contents when they were cooled in water after rolling．When cooled in air after rolling‚the steel with low carbon content exhibits a higher corrosion resistance than the steel with a higher carbon content．T hrough observations on rust layers with SEM‚it can be found that a compact inner rust layer forms in the specimen with excellent corrosion resistance after long corrosion． KEY WORDS low carbon bainitic steel；carbon content；microstructure；corrosion resistance；cyclic wet-dry test 收稿日期：2006-10-18 修回日期：2006-12-14 基金 项 目： 国 家 重 点 基 础 研 究 发 展 计 划 资 助 项 目 （ No． 2004CB619102） 作者简介：李少坡（1980—）‚男‚硕士研究生；贺信莱（1938—）男‚教 授 钢铁材料的大规模应用对钢板质量提出了更高 的要求‚特别是要在提高力学性能的同时要求钢板 具有优良的耐腐蚀能力．碳及其他合金元素能提高 钢的力学性能‚但会使其焊接性能下降［1］．为改善 焊接性能‚钢中碳含量需大幅度下降‚低碳贝氏体钢 的发展‚使这种趋势更为明显［2］．从目前国内外研 究看‚对耐蚀性的工作着重在成分影响［3］．一般文 献认为：P、Si、Cr、Cu、Co、Ni 等元素可提高钢的耐蚀 性［4—5］‚碳含量在腐蚀初期没有明显影响‚在腐蚀后 期随着碳含量增加腐蚀速率也增加［6］．但有关显微 第30卷 第1期 2008年 1月 北 京 科 技 大 学 学 报 Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing Vol．30No．1 Jan．2008 DOI:10．13374／j．issn1001－053x．2008．01．017