Social Background Parliament dissolved, and in 1915-1916 Yuan attempted to establish himself as emperor -abandoned and died Republic's decline into Warlordism(1916-1928) regionalism, coolie armies, and natural geographic boundaries Sun Yat-sen's Second revolution-to achieve revolutionary objectives through warlord channels, 1917 cooperate, with Canton warlords, 1922 first but abortive northern campaign. The growth of Urban Nationalism Shanghai as an industrial center with a large factory labor class; new life style and a proletarian class for mass movementsSocial Background ► Parliament dissolved, and in 1915-1916 Yuan attempted to establish himself as emperor – abandoned and died. ► Republic’s decline into Warlordism (1916-1928) – regionalism, coolie armies, and natural geographic boundaries ► Sun Yat-sen’s “Second Revolution” – to achieve revolutionary objectives through warlord channels; 1917 cooperate, with Canton warlords; 1922 first but abortive northern campaign. ► The growth of Urban Nationalism – Shanghai as an industrial center with a large factory labor class; new life style and a proletarian class for mass movements