Pathogenesis Disturbed starling forces(reduced effective circulating volume, edema formation systemic venous pressure Increase right-sided heart failure, constrictive pericarditis local venous pressure increase left-sided heart failure, vena cava obstruction, portal vein obstruction reduced oncotic pressure nephrotic syndrome, decreased albumin synthesis combined disorders cirrhosis◼ Disturbed starling forces(reduced effective circulating volume,edema formation) systemic venous pressure increase right-sided heart failure,constrictive pericarditis local venous pressure increase left-sided heart failure,vena cava obstruction, portal vein obstruction reduced oncotic pressure nephrotic syndrome,decreased albumin synthesis combined disorders cirrhosis Pathogenesis