Table of contents 2.5 Summary points 2.6 Homework 2. 7 Suggested readings references 3. OVERVIEW OF ELECTRONIC DEVICES 3.1 Diffusion and drift of carriers 3. 1.1 Chemical potential 3.1.2 Carrier motion in a chemical potential gra 3.2 Simple diodes 444万7 3.2. 1 The junction contact potential 3.2.2 Biased junctions 3.2.3 Non-ideal diode behaviors 3 Schottky barriers and ohmic contacts 3.3.1 Ideal metal/semiconductor junctions 3.3.2 Real schottky diode 3.4 Semiconductor heterojunctions 3.4. 1 Heterojunctions at equilibrium 3.4.2 Heterojunctions as diodes 109 3.5 Transistors l11 3.5.2 Field-effect transistors 3.6 Light-emitting devices 119 3.6.1 Light-emitting diodes 3.6.2 Laser diodes 124 3.7S 3.8 Homework problems 3.9 Suggested readings references. 4. ASPECTS OF MATERIALS SCIENCE 141 4.1 Structures of materials 4. 1. 1 Crystal lattices 4.1.2 The reciprocal lattice 4.2 Basic thermodynamics of materials 4.3 Phase diagrams 4.4 Kinetics 4 4.1 Reaction kinetics 4.4.2 Nucleation 4.4.3 Atomic transport. 4.5 Organic molecules 4.6 Applications 4.6.1 A basis for phase transformations 17873 3.1 Diffusion and drift of carriers..........................................................................74 3.1.1 Chemical potential ................................................................................74 3.1.2 Carrier motion in a chemical potential gradient....................................74 3.2 Simple diodes ..................................................................................................75 3.2.1 The junction contact potential...............................................................77 3.2.2 Biased junctions ....................................................................................81 3.3 Schottky barriers and ohmic contacts..............................................................96 3.3.1 Ideal metal/semiconductor junctions ....................................................96 3.3.2 Real schottky diodes ...........................................................................101 3.4 Semiconductor heterojunctions .....................................................................102 3.4.1 Heterojunctions at equilibrium............................................................103 3.4.2 Heterojunctions as diodes ...................................................................109 3.5 Transistors .....................................................................................................111 3.5.1 Bipolar junction transistors .................................................................111 3.5.2 Field-effect transistors.........................................................................114 3.6 Light-emitting devices...................................................................................119 3.6.1 Light-emitting diodes..........................................................................120 3.6.2 Laser diodes.........................................................................................124 3.7 Summary........................................................................................................134 3.8 Homework problems .....................................................................................136 3.9 Suggested readings & references...................................................................139 141 4.1 Structures of materials...................................................................................141 4.1.1 Crystal lattices.....................................................................................142 4.2 Basic thermodynamics of materials...............................................................151 4.3 Phase diagrams ..............................................................................................155 4.4 Kinetics..........................................................................................................163 4.4.1 Reaction kinetics .................................................................................164 4.4.2 Nucleation ...........................................................................................166 4.4.3 Atomic transport..................................................................................170 4.5 Organic molecules .........................................................................................172 4.6 Applications...................................................................................................178 4.6.1 A basis for phase transformations.......................................................178 xii Table of Contents 2.5 Summary points...............................................................................................67 2.6 Homework .......................................................................................................69 2.7 Suggested readings & references.....................................................................71 3. OVERVIEW OF ELECTRONIC DEVICES 3.2.3 Non-ideal diode behaviors ....................................................................88 4. ASPECTS OF MATERIALS SCIENCE 4.1.2 The reciprocal lattice...........................................................................148